UK firms react to Trump tariffs: 'It's a huge blow to Scotland's whisky industry'

10 hours ago Share Save Faarea Masud & Jennifer Meierhans Business reporters, BBC News Share Save

BBC Anthony Wills runs the Kilchoman distillery and says he will try to keep prices the same despite tariffs

US President Donald Trump has unveiled a list of tariffs on countries across the world that send their products to America. The UK will be subject to 10% tariffs. We've spoken to firms which export to the US from England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland about what they think the impact on their businesses will be.

'We will try to keep the shelf price as it was'

For Scotch whisky makers, the US is its most important overseas market - worth £971m a year. Anthony Wills runs the Kilchoman distillery on the island of Islay and says he feels "deflated" at the prospect of tariffs. "It's a huge blow for the industry," he says. "For us personally, it represents 10% of our sales. So it's clearly going to be a big blow, especially with the current economic headwinds that we're all experiencing, we're all going to find this very difficult and very challenging." Live updates: Global reaction to Trump's tariffs The industry has been hit with US tariffs before, with a 25% levy on single malts back in 2019. The Scottish Whisky Association estimates that for the 18 months the tariffs were in place, the industry lost £600m in sales. Mr Wills says he split the cost of the tariff with his US importer so the price would stay the same for their American customers. "I imagine we'll be doing what we did last time, and trying to keep the shelf price as it was before," he says. "We have to react and we will be discussing this with our importer and deciding what the best way forward is."

'I'm not panicking - they don't make our products in the US'

Denise Cole does not think tariffs will negatively impact the valve maker where she is finance director

Wales sold £2.2bn of goods to the US last year - most of it was machinery and equipment manufactured by small companies. Newport-based company, Tomoe Valve, makes high performance butterfly valves that are used in a wide variety of projects all over the world. The firm hit £6m in sales in 2024/25 and its biggest order worth £1.2m ($1.6m) came from the US - a huge valve for a battery plant. Financial director Denise Cole says she does not want tariffs on her products but understands why President Trump has brought them in. "I've seen UK manufacturing decimated and the same has happened in America so he's looking after his own which is exactly what it says on the tin with Trump." She says there was a lot of panic over tariffs and any changes could be "short-lived". "I really don't think it's going to impact us in a negative way," she says. "The specialist products we sell, they don't manufacture in the US anyway, they would struggle to get them elsewhere. "Our own government has done me more damage by increasing employer National Insurance Contributions," she says. "That's added £35,000 to my costs - that's a whole person's wages. I would have taken on a new member of staff this year as we have some big orders but I won't be able to now." The Treasury has previously said it was delivering the stability businesses need to invest and grow.

'This could put car industry jobs at risk'

Matt Harwood Matt Harwood is concerned tariffs risk jobs in the automotive supply chain

A new import tax of 25% on cars entering the US came into effect today, and car parts will face the same tax at some point in the next few months. Some 17% of UK car exports went to the US last year, making it the second largest export market after the EU. At a glance: What president's new taxes mean for EU, China and others

Watch: Three things to know about Trump's tariffs

Analysis: Trump's tariffs are a longtime goal fulfilled - and his biggest gamble yet

Explainer: What are tariffs, and why is Trump using them? Barkley Plastics in Sutton Coldfield supplies parts to carmakers including Jaguar Land Rover, Nissan, Toyota and Mini. Managing director Matt Harwood says: "The new tariffs will affect [car manufacturers] greatly, which in turn affects businesses like us in their supply chain." He says the UK's automotive industry was already under pressure before the tariffs were announced. The UK produced more than 1.5 million cars a year before the pandemic - that's now down to 800,000 a year. Mr Harwood says: "Covid-19, chip shortages, and broader supply chain disruptions have made volumes unpredictable in recent years. These new US tariffs threaten to push that number even lower, which would be particularly damaging for smaller suppliers like us, who operate on tight margins. "A further downturn in demand could quickly translate into job losses or even business closures," he says. "So our main concern is how the US tariffs put tens of thousands of jobs at risk within the UK automotive supply chain."

'This could affect my sales in the US'

Peter McAuley Peter McAuley had hoped to grow his watch business in the US but thinks tariffs could spoil his plans

In 2022, Northern Ireland exported goods worth £1.9bn to the US, making it the third biggest external market for goods behind Great Britain (£11bn) and Ireland (£4.6bn). Belfast watchmaker Nomadic makes 22% of its sales in the US. Its founder Peter McAuley says there was huge potential for his business to grow in the US, but that's now in doubt. He says America is a strong market with a good trading environment, but he believes tariffs will have an impact on his sales - although he remains confident about the future of the trading relationship between Northern Ireland and the US.

Business in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland tell us what US tariffs could mean for them.

'It's a huge blow to Scotland's whisky industry'

US President Donald Trump has announced a universal "baseline" 10% tariff on all imports into the US, on what he has dubbed "Liberation Day".

Trump also unveiled a 10% tariff on UK goods and 20% on EU goods in a watershed moment for global trade. The US will also hit certain countries with much steeper tariffs, as high as 50%.

The US president said universal 10% tariffs would go into effect for all countries starting 5 April.

President Trump announces new tariffs on all imports to US

How Trump's tariffs might affect the UK and your money

9 hours ago Share Save Michael Race Business reporter, BBC News Share Save

Getty Images

US President Donald Trump has announced fresh import taxes on goods being imported to America in the latest escalation of the global trade war. The UK has been hit with a 10% tariff on all of its goods being brought into the US, which Trump says is a retaliation to UK tariffs on American goods, but uncertainty remains over the potential impact on British consumers. Here's how you and your money could be affected.

1. Prices could go up, but could also go down

The tariffs Trump has just announced will be paid for by the businesses which import goods into the US. Clarissa Hahn, economist at Oxford Economics, says this means that the initial impact of price rises will be on US consumers, as American firms are likely to pass on the extra costs to their customers. However, she adds people in the UK could subsequently be affected by the measures, which come into effect on 5 April. One way is via the value of the pound and exchange rates, which dictate the cost to UK businesses importing goods and raw materials from abroad. If import costs go up, these extra costs could be passed on to consumers through higher prices. Following Trump's speech on Wednesday, exchange rates between the dollar and pound fluctuated. If the value of the dollar strengthens as some economists have predicted, import costs could rise for UK firms importing goods. Higher prices in the UK could also "prompt workers to demand higher wages", which would further raise costs for businesses, according to Ahmet Ihsan Kaya, principal economist, at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research. Ms Hahn adds if the UK government decides to retaliate with tariffs of its own on US goods entering the UK, there is a risk UK prices could rise if British businesses pass on extra costs to customers. However, some economists have suggested prices could also initially fall as a result of Trump's decision to impose tariffs. Swati Dhingra, economist and member of the Bank of England's monetary policy committee, which sets interest rates, has suggested that firms which normally send their goods to the US, may instead send them to countries such as the UK which don't have such steep tariffs, potentially leading to a flood of cheaper goods in the UK. "Tariffs of the proposed magnitude are likely to prompt firms that export to the US to lower their prices to retain demand for their products," she suggests.

2. It could affect your job

British companies which export goods to the US are set be the hardest hit from the latest measures. The UK exported almost £60bn worth of goods to the US last year, mainly machinery, cars and pharmaceuticals. Other industries, which are big exporters to the US, include fishing and electronics. If US demand for UK products dwindles due to the extra charges importers face, this could hit profit margins and ultimately lead to UK job cuts unless British firms find new customers outside the US. According to the Institute for Public Policy Research think tank, Jaguar Land Rover and the Mini factory in Cowley, Oxford, appear to be the most exposed to US tariffs on cars. It says more than 25,000 jobs in the UK car manufacturing industry "could be at risk" with a 25% tariff coming into effect on Thursday, with one in eight UK-built cars exported to the US. The pharmaceutical industry is also heavily reliant on trade with the US, says Ms Hahn, of Oxford Economics. The US makes up 40% of AstraZeneca's sales and 50% of GSK's. Although both British-headquartered firms have manufacturing facilities in America, raw ingredients for life-saving medicines and vaccines travel between the UK, EU and US. Under tariffs the firms could be hit with multiple tax charges as they cross borders to be developed. There is also the issue of how tariffs work when they collide with pricing caps that both the NHS and other health organisations set for buying drugs in bulk.

3. Interest rates may stay higher for longer

The UK has been hit with 10% tariffs by the US, but there is uncertainty of the impact of them.

How could they affect the UK and your money

Trump to charge high tariffs on 'worst offenders' globally

3 hours ago Share Save Natalie Sherman BBC News, New York Share Save

Watch: Key moments in Trump’s ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs announcement

President Donald Trump has announced new import taxes on all goods entering the US, in the biggest upheaval of the international trade order since the aftermath of World War Two. His plan sets a baseline tariff of 10% on all imports, consistent with his proposal during last year's White House campaign. Items from about 60 trade partners that the White House described as the "worst offenders", including the European Union and China, face higher rates - payback for unfair trade policies, Trump said. Analysts said the trade war escalation was likely to lead to higher prices for Americans and slower growth in the US, while some countries around the world could be plunged into recession.

But in Wednesday's announcement at the White House, Trump said the measures were necessary because countries were taking advantage of the US by imposing high tariffs and other trade barriers. Declaring a national emergency, the Republican president said the US had for more than five decades been "looted, pillaged, raped and plundered by nations near and far, both friend and foe alike". "It's our declaration of economic independence," Trump said in the Rose Garden against a backdrop of US flags. The White House said the US would start charging the 10% tariffs on 5 April, with the higher duties for certain nations starting on 9 April. Live updates and reaction to Trump tariffs

What are tariffs and why is Trump using them? "Today we are standing up for the American worker and we are finally putting America first," Trump said, calling it "one of the most important days, in my opinion, in American history". His decision stunned many analysts. "He just dropped a nuclear bomb on the global trading system," Ken Rogoff, former chief economist at the International Monetary Fund, told the BBC.

Watch: Three things to know about Trump's tariffs announcement

Canada and Mexico not affected

Tariffs are taxes on imports. On the campaign trail last year, Trump said he would use them to boost manufacturing, promising a new age of US prosperity. The import taxes could raise $2.2tn (£1.7tn) of revenue by 2034, according to the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office. He spent weeks previewing Wednesday's announcement, which followed other orders raising tariffs on imports from China, foreign cars, steel and aluminium and 25% on some goods from Mexico and Canada. For now, the White House said the latest changes would not change anything for Mexico and Canada, two of America's closest trading partners.

But other allies will face new tariffs, including 10% for the UK and 20% for the European Union, said Trump. The measure introduces a new 34% tariff on goods from China, on top of an existing 20% levy, bringing total duties to at least 54%. The tariff rate will be 24% on goods from Japan, and 26% from India. Some of the highest duties will hit exports from countries that have seen a rush of investment in recent years, as firms shifted supply chains away from China following tariffs in Trump's first term. Goods from Vietnam and Cambodia will be hit with 46% and 49% respectively. Higher levies will also fall on much smaller nations, with products from the southern African country of Lesotho facing 50%. Here's how Trump's tariffs on China, EU and more will work

Six things that could get more expensive for Americans

Watch: Top lawmakers Johnson and Schumer react to Trump's tariffs

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent warned other countries not to hit back. "My advice to every country right now is, do not retaliate," Bessent told Fox News. "Sit back, take it in, let's see how it goes. Because if you retaliate, there will be escalation," he said. "If you don't retaliate, this is the high watermark." Later however, China's commerce ministry said it "firmly" opposed the US's new tariffs and will take "resolute countermeasures to safeguard its rights and interests". European Commission head Ursula von der Leyen also said she was preparing to take further steps against the US in the event that negotiations failed. The new duties will affect trillions of dollars in trade, likely setting the stage for higher prices in the US on clothing, European wine, bicycles, toys and thousands of other items. Olu Sonola, head of US economic research at the Fitch Ratings agency, said the measures would bring the US tariff rate to what was in place in 1910. "Many countries will likely end up in a recession," he said.

The US stock market was closed for trading by the time that Trump made his announcement, which he billed as "Liberation Day". But shares in the Asia-Pacific region opened lower on Thursday morning. Japan's benchmark stock index, the Nikkei 225, was down by 4% in early trading. Australia's ASX 200 was around 2% lower. Wedbush Securities analyst Dan Ives described the tariffs as "worse than the worst case" that investors had anticipated. But he said he believed there would be negotiations and exemptions.

Getty Images The tariffs will affect trillions of dollars in trade

The president says the US has been "pillaged, raped and plundered" for years by international trade partners.

Trump tariffs: 'Worst offenders' around world face high import taxes, says White House

Vending machines sell farm shop goods out of hours

2 hours ago Share Save Phil Harrison • @philharrison77 BBC News, South East Reporting from Brookland, Romney Marsh Share Save

BBC The vending machines at The Old Tractor Shed Farm Shop sell local produce until 21:00 BST each day

A Kent farm shop has turned to technology to sell local produce out of hours. The Old Tractor Shed Farm Shop in Brookland has installed three vending machines which continue to offer a range of products when the main business is closed. Visitors can pay for milk, pickles, meats, fruit juices and fresh vegetables sourced from suppliers on The Romney Marsh by tapping their bank cards and smart phones. Co-owner Deborah Ovenden said: "This enables us to extend our hours to offer local produce to a wide range of people such as dog walkers and cyclists early in the morning when the shop is not open.

"There's not many shops in the area so it's also useful for people in the evening coming home from work." The vending machines are housed in shipping containers in front of the farm shop building. The owners are also planning to open a self service cafe in one of them. The container for the fresh milk vending machine was previously used to house Turkish PPE equipment from the pandemic which was eventually rejected, co-owner Clive Ovenden said.

Farm shop manager Ryan Ovenden and his father Clive plan to turn one shipping container into a self service cafe

The initiative comes as many farms search for other ways to diversify their income. "Farmers are struggling at the moment", added Mrs Ovenden. "This is an opportunity to sell our produce and that from the local area even when we are not there ourselves." The vending machines at The Old Tractor Shed Farm Shop are open each day between 07:00 and 21:00.

Visitors can pay for milk and meats from suppliers on The Romney Marsh by tapping their bank cards.

Romney Marsh farm shop vending machines sell out of hours

President Donald Trump has unveiled universal 10% tariffs on all imports into the US effective on 5 April, with certain countries hit with steeper tariffs beginning 9 April.

The watershed moment for global trade is already impacting stock markets.

The BBC's Michelle Fleury breaks down what the import taxes mean for the US and countries around the world.

Video by Isabelle Rodd

The BBC's Michelle Fleury breaks down what the import taxes mean for the US and countries around the world.

Three things to know about Trump's tariffs announcement

Tesla sales plunge after Elon Musk backlash

9 minutes ago Share Save Lily Jamali North America Technology Correspondent Reporting from San Francisco Share Save

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Tesla sales have plummeted to their lowest level in three years after a backlash against its boss Elon Musk. The electric car maker delivered almost 337,000 electric vehicles in the first three months of 2025, a 13% drop from a year ago. Tesla shares tumbled in early trading on Wednesday after the release of the unexpectedly low sales numbers. The cars face increasing competition from Chinese firm BYD, but experts believe Musk's controversial role in the Trump administration has had an effect too.

The firm has blamed the sales drop on the transition to a new version of its most popular car. However some analysts have pointed the finger at Musk himself. "These numbers suck," early Tesla investor Ross Gerber of Gerber Kawasaki Wealth and Investment Management wrote on X. "The brand is broken and may not be fixable", added Mr Gerber, who was once a Musk supporter but has recently called for the board to remove the billionaire as CEO.

Watch: Tesla vehicles and dealerships vandalised throughout US

'Tesla takedown'

There have been protests and boycotts around the world prompted by Musk's outspoken and controversial political involvement. He has been heading up President Donald Trump's Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) initiative to cut federal spending and slash the government workforce. On Wednesday, Politico reported that Trump had told his inner circle Musk would be stepping back from the administration in the coming weeks. Shortly after the report was published, Tesla's share price turned positive. The White House shot down the report as "garbage". Because he is considered a special government employee, Musk by law can only serve 130 days in the administration this year, which would put his departure closer to June. The Tesla boss is the world's richest man and contributed more than a quarter of a billion dollars to help Trump get elected in November. In recent weeks, he poured millions into a Wisconsin Supreme Court race, supporting former Republican attorney general Brad Schimel who was soundly defeated on Tuesday.

Getty Images This dealership in Berlin was defaced

The car maker's sales slide has been attributed to competition and controversy around its boss.

Tesla sales unexpectedly plunge after Elon Musk backlash

Three big unknowns ahead of Trump's 'Liberation Day' tariffs

15 hours ago Share Save Natalie Sherman BBC News Share Save

Watch: What we do and don’t know about Trump’s ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs

Donald Trump says tariffs are coming. That message from the US president has been consistent. But what tariffs and when? Import taxes have come so thick and fast since he took office that it can be hard to keep track. Trump has already raised duties on Chinese imports, as well as steel, aluminium and some goods from Canada and Mexico. Higher levies on cars are due to go into effect this week. We're now waiting for Trump to unveil the details of his plan for a wider set of tariffs, which his team has spent the last few weeks developing. The White House is calling it "Liberation Day". So what might we learn on Wednesday?

How big are the tariffs?

The White House has not said how high the tariffs could go, although various possible rates have been floated by analysts. On the campaign trail last year, Trump backed a 10% across-the-board tariff on all imports coming into the US, sometimes suggesting that could be 20% - even 60% on imports from China. Once in office, he introduced the idea of "reciprocal" tariffs, suggesting the rates could vary country by country. "Very simply, it's if they charge us, we charge them," he said in February, shortly before he ordered officials to develop such a plan. The White House almost immediately complicated the picture, noting that their recommendations would reflect not just tariffs but also other policies they believe are unfair to US businesses, like Value Added Tax (VAT). It has a led to a scramble, as businesses and political leaders try to get a sense of how big a new tax their products might be facing; and how whatever is announced on Wednesday will interact with other duties, such as those on steel and aluminium, already put into effect by Trump. Officials in Europe, for example, are preparing for a double-digit tariff on their exports. Trump earlier this year said he planned to hit goods from the bloc with a 25% import tax.

Watch: What is a tariff? The BBC's Adam Fleming explains

Which countries could be affected?

The Trump administration has not confirmed which countries will be hit, although it has trailed Wednesday's announcement as a sweeping one. On Sunday, the president said the new tariffs could apply to "all countries", suggesting a possible return to the across-the-board tariff he backed in the campaign. It dashed hopes in some countries, such as the UK, that thought they might float under the radar, though many are still hoping eventually to work out some sort of deal. But it is still unclear to what extent the tariffs will be universally applied or more targeted. Last month, US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said efforts were focused on the "Dirty 15" - the 15% of countries that account for the bulk of trade with the US and impose tariffs or other rules that put US firms at a disadvantage. The Office of the US Trade Representative, as it prepared to craft recommendations, identified the countries in which it was "particularly interested". They were Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, the UK and Vietnam. Trump himself has reserved some of his harshest criticism for historic allies and major trade partners, such as Canada and the EU. "Friend has been, oftentimes, much worse than foe," he declared last week.

What impact will the tariffs have?

Tariffs are taxes on imports. So the big question is, who will pay? Technically, there is a simple answer: the US firms bringing in the goods are the companies that will face the bill, especially if the White House starts levying the tariffs "immediately", as spokeswoman Karoline Leavitt suggested on Tuesday. But the larger the tariffs are, the more firms will be looking for ways to offset those costs, either by changing suppliers, pushing business partners to share the burden - or by raising prices for Americans. Many firms have said they are already preparing for that step. But it is a risky game because if companies raise prices too much, buyers will simply stay away. The dynamics have raised the risks of an economic recession both in the US - and far outside its borders, where many firms rely on US sales. Trump says companies looking to avoid tariffs can simply do their business in the US, but that's not an immediate, or easy fix, given the high costs of hiring and setting up factories. Introduce currency swings and retaliation by other countries into the mix, and the repercussions of Trump's bid to reset global trade balances are likely to prove hard to predict long after Wednesday's announcement.

The president is expected to unveil details of his plans for a wider set of import taxes. But what tariffs and when?

Trump tariffs: Three big unknowns ahead of president's 'Liberation Day' announcement

Tariffs 'biggest threat to Irish economy in long time' - taoiseach

1 hour ago Share Save John Campbell BBC News NI economics and business editor Share Save

Getty Images President Trump is expected to announce a new round of tariffs later

US President Donald Trump's tariff announcement is the most serious issue to face the Irish economy "in a long time", the taoiseach (Irish prime minister) has said. President Trump is expected to announce a new round of tariffs later on Wednesday. Speaking in the Dáil (Irish parliament) on Wednesday morning, Taoiseach Micheál Martin said it was clear the scale of the tariffs would be "very significant in European terms". Meanwhile, Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer has said the government is "looking carefully" at the prospect of any retaliatory tariffs the EU may announce in response to the tariffs, and the impact they might have in Northern Ireland.

The prime minister was asked by DUP leader Gavin Robinson if the government was prepared to take steps to exempt Northern Ireland from any possible EU actions that could follow the tariff announcements in Washington DC. Sir Keir said No 10 would be "calm and pragmatic" and keep in mind the concerns of workers and businesses in Northern Ireland. "Northern Ireland will be at the forefront of all our decisions," he told the House of Commons. The UK government has been trying to negotiate an exemption but now expects that tariffs will be imposed on UK goods. Tariffs are effectively taxes applied to goods imported from other countries. Governments impose tariffs in the hope of protecting local manufacturers from international competition. Northern Ireland sold goods worth about £1.3bn to the US in 2023, with a concentration in pharmaceuticals and industrial machinery. Ulster University economist Esmond Birnie has estimated that tariffs of 20% on Northern Ireland goods entering the US could cost local businesses at least £100m in lost sales.

'Reckless'

In the Dáil, Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald said that planned counter tariffs from the EU were "reckless" in response to Trump. The taoiseach said that it was regrettable that Europe was now in a period of "increased protectionism" and urged the EU to be "strategic"' in regards to any counter measures.

'Challenging'

Estimating the impact of tariffs on Northern Ireland Mr Birnie has calculated a "direct and narrow" impact of £100m in reduced sales from a 20% tariff. He said second and third round effects, such as an overall reduction in global trade, could push the overall negative impact up to £200m - £300m. He added that even a drop of £100m could still have a significant impact on overall economic performance. "It is only about 0.2% of Northern Ireland's overall GDP, which is about £50bn," he said. "However, if Northern Ireland's growth in GDP this year is well under 1% - and this is quite likely - that would be equivalent to a quarter of economic growth." Stuart Anderson, from the NI Chamber of Commerce, said the US was a really important market and called on the UK government to "respond really, really clearly" after Wednesday's announcement. He added that could get "challenging" if the EU and UK respond differently.

Whiskey

Martin McKeown Jim Nash, of County Tyrone-based Wild Atlantic Distillery, says tariffs could be 'catastrophic' for small Irish whiskey producers

Jim Nash is joint owner of the Wild Atlantic Distillery in Aghyaran, near Castlederg, in County Tyrone. Their main target market for their whiskey is the United States and he fears tariffs could be "catastrophic" for small producers like them. For the moment, until Trump announces the detail and extent of the tariffs, Mr Nash said it was a worrying time. "There's always trepidation because 50% of Irish whiskey sales go to the US," he said. According to the Irish Whiskey Association, exports of Irish drinks to the US are worth more than €800m a year. Mr Nash said he was not confident that being based in the UK would protect them from tariffs. "We go under the label of Irish whiskey, sell our products as Irish whiskey, so my concern - as legal advisers have said - is that there might be a little bit of leeway because we're part of the UK, if tariffs are imposed. "But how is that on the ground? You know, there's 500 pallets of Irish whiskey coming through, is a customs official on the ground going to make a distinction? "The law is one thing but the implementation is another thing and it might be that it's just a blanket ban and I wouldn't be so confident that the UK will be able to escape these tariffs if they're implemented as well."

Getty Images The Irish Whiskey Association says drinks exports to the US are worth more than 800m Euro annually

Analysis: Will exports collapse? We shouldn't expect that exports to the US from Northern Ireland will collapse, because very often when you're a manufacturer competing on a global stage, you're not doing that solely on price. It's not like there's a load of American companies who can immediately substitute what you're doing at a cheaper rate. What you're probably likely to see is the volume of goods that might be sold into the US will decline just because they get more expensive. There is also a Windsor Framework element to this – not on the export side because Northern Ireland goods going into the US are just UK goods. But goods coming into Northern Ireland have to meet EU rules, so you could have a situation where the UK doesn't retaliate, doesn't impose any tariffs on US goods, but the EU would retaliate. In that circumstance, US goods entering Northern Ireland would have to pay the EU tariffs but US goods entering the rest of the UK would not have to pay the tariffs. There is the possibility that Northern Ireland importers could get a rebate of the tariff if they can show that the goods are staying within Northern Ireland.

What about the Republic of Ireland?

US tariffs could have a more profound effect on the Republic of Ireland's economy. Among EU countries, Ireland is the most reliant on the US as an export market. In 2024, almost a third of the country's total exports were to the US - worth €73bn (£61bn). President Trump has previously indicated his discontent with the scale of manufacturing by US pharmaceutical firms in Ireland.

'People are going to die'

Gareth Sheridan said some people won't be able to afford important treatments if the tariffs go ahead

Gareth Sheridan, chief executive of pharmaceutical firm Nutriband, said the global supply chain would be drastically affected if the tariffs go ahead. "On this island we make very important medications, chemotherapy treatments, heart medications, antibiotics, pain medications, diabetes medications," the Dublin man said. "One in four Americans have actually foregone treatment because of the cost associated with that and now we're talking about increasing medications by 25%, which insurance companies most likely won't take on, so this is going to be an extreme burden on the patient. "If you have a 25% hike on chemotherapy and you can't afford your treatment anymore what's the alternative? Ultimately, people are going to die and they're going to die because they can't afford to live."

PA Media Neale Richmond said the Republic of Ireland was facing the "existential economic threat" in a good position

US President Donald Trump is expected to announce a new round of tariffs later on Wednesday.

Trump tariffs 'biggest threat to Irish economy in long time'

Council offers grants to help with cost of living

The council is offering help to those struggling with food and energy costs

A council is to use a £4.3m government grant to help its residents with the cost of living crisis, addressing rising food and energy prices.

Rotherham Council said it would allocate more than £2.6m to fund food vouchers for children eligible for free school meals to use in the holidays.

A further £950,000 will be used to help about 14,400 households with their council tax, in many cases covering its cost for the 2025/26 financial year.

Anyone who would like to apply for help through the Household Support Fund is being asked to check the council's website for more details.

Rotherham Council allocates £4.3m to helping its residents with food and energy costs.

Rotherham Council offers grants to help with cost of living

Heathrow warned by airlines about power supply days before shutdown

8 minutes ago Share Save Tom Espiner and Simon Browning BBC business reporters Share Save

PA Media

Heathrow Airport was warned about the "resilience" of its power supply in the days before a fire which shut down the airport for more than a day last month. The boss of a group representing airlines told a group of MPs on Wednesday that he spoke to Heathrow on 15 March about his concerns and again on 19 March. Heathrow Airline Operators' Committee boss Nigel Wicking said he raised cases of "theft of wire and cable around some of the power supply" which he said temporarily took out runway lights, which are critical to passenger safety. But Heathrow boss Thomas Woldbye said it was an "unlikely event" with "high consequence" that was "difficult to deal with".

Mr Woldbye apologised to the nearly 300,000 passengers whose journeys were disrupted by the closure on 21 March. He offered his "deepest regrets" adding that the "situation was unprecedented". The airport was shutdown after a fire at an electrical substation. Speaking to MPs on the transport committee, Mr Wicking said the temporary failure of the runway lights before the fire "obviously made me concerned, and as such I'd raised the point". "I wanted to understand better the overall resilience of the airport." He said he had spoken to the Team Heathrow director on 15 March about his concerns - six days before the fire - and the chief operating officer and chief customer officer on 19 March - two days before the fire. Mr Woldbye said the airport had to rely on contracts it has with Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks for making the network resilient, and to improve that "comes at a very high cost", which would raise costs for airlines, and passengers. However, Mr Wicking said Heathrow is "already the most expensive airport in the world". "From an airline perspective, we expect resilience, we expect there to be the capability there and the understanding of when a power supply or an asset is not available, what will you do next, and how quickly will you bring it back?"

On the day of the shutdown, airlines had to divert 120 aircraft, which is "not a light decision to be made in any context", Mr Wickling added. As a consequence, when Mr Wicking joined a call with NATs, the national air traffic service, at 05:30, "they'd run out of space within the UK for aircraft to divert". "Aircraft were then going to Europe, and then some were even halfway across Europe and going back to base in India," he said. "So, quite a level of disruption for those passengers, let alone all of the cancellations".

PA Media

When asked why the airport had not reopened sooner, Mr Woldbye said that could have meant passengers got hurt. He said: "If we had got this wrong, we might be sitting here today having a very different discussion about why people got injured, and I think it would have been a much more serious discussion. "So there is a margin within which our people have to take very serious safety decisions, and that is what they are trained for, that is what they do, and that requires that every single system is up and running, tested and safe." However, Mr Wicking said Terminal 5 could have reopened sooner. He said: "In terms of T5, my understanding both from British Airways but also on the day, was that pretty much everything was fine to operate by mid-morning, by 10 o'clock."

'Losing power'

Mr Woldbye said Heathrow realised "during the early hours" of Friday 21 March that "we were losing power to the airport". "In our operations centre you would seen all the red lights go, that the systems were powering down," he said. "We had no information as to why." "We then had a slightly later stage call from the fire department that the substation was on fire," he said. Heathrow is supplied by three substations, but knocking out one caused the airport to shut down. Mr Woldbye said a third of the airport was powering down and that Terminal 2 was particularly affected, along with certain central systems. He added that it became "first and foremost a safety situation". "We need to make sure, when a crisis happens, that people are safe," he said. The first priority was to check that no-one been caught in lifts or was hurt. Safety critical systems such as runway, runway lighting and the control tower "switched in as they should", however, he said.

MPs hear the airport was warned about power supply resilience days before the disruptive closure.

Airlines warned Heathrow about power supply days before shutdown

Parents allowed to block children's games and friends on Roblox

59 minutes ago Share Save Graham Fraser Technology Reporter Share Save

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Parents will be able to block their children from specific games and experiences on Roblox as part of new safety measures announced by the hugely popular gaming platform. They will also be able to block or report their children's friends, and the platform will provide more information about which games young users are playing. The measures will only apply to children who are under the age of 13 and have parental controls set up on their accounts. The announcements comes after the CEO of Roblox, Dave Baszucki told the BBC that parents should keep their children off the platform if they were "not comfortable" with it.

Getty Images Roblox is one of the world's largest games platforms, with more monthly users than Nintendo Switch and Sony PlayStation combined. In 2024 it averaged more than 80 million players per day - roughly 40% of them below the age of 13.

Roblox - the most popular site in the UK for gamers aged eight to 12 - has been dogged by claims that some children are being exposed to explicit or harmful content through its games. However, in his BBC interview, Mr Baszucki stressed that the company was vigilant about protecting its users, with "tens of millions" of people having "amazing" experiences on Roblox. Announcing the latest safety features, Roblox's Chief Safety Officer Matt Kaufman said: "These tools, features, and innovations reflect our mission to make Roblox the safest and most civil online platform in the world." A spokesperson for the regulator, Ofcom, said the measures were "encouraging", but added "tech companies will have to do a lot more in the coming months to protect children online".

'Shoot down planes'

In preparation for the interview with Mr Baszucki, the BBC found a range of game titles with troubling titles that had been recommended to an 11-year-old on the platform. They included games such as "Late Night Boys And Girls Club RP" and "Shoot down planes…because why not?" Parents with linked accounts of children who are 12 and under can now block such titles if they are uncomfortable with them. They will also be able to go further in managing who their children are friends with. They can already view their child's friends list - now they can block or report people on that list, preventing them exchanging direct messages. Messaging between children had already been restricted in measures announced in November last year. Additionally, parents will now be able to see the top games their child played on Roblox over the last week and how long they spent in each one.

What do parents think?

Sally, from the north of Scotland, told the BBC last month that her nine-year-old daughter was groomed on the platform in December last year. Despite reporting it to Roblox, she never received a response. She welcomed the announcements as a "start", but said Roblox "needs to do better". She added: "What's missing is proper authentication of users. How does the company know that users are who they say they are - how will perpetrators be traced when grooming keeps happening?" Roblox highlighted to BBC News its community standards, which have a zero-tolerance policy for the exploitation of minors. Amir from Leeds told the BBC last month that his 15-year-old son is "addicted" to Roblox, and can use the site for up to 14 hours a day. He has welcomed the changes announced today for younger users, but wants the platform itself to do more and target the availability of inappropriate games for children.

Supplied Kathryn Foley and her daughter Helene have had a very positive experience of playing on Roblox

They are the latest safety measures from the gaming platform, which has faced questions over inappropriate content.

Parents allowed to block children's games and friends on Roblox

Three ways to cushion the blow of bill rises

1 day ago Share Save Lucy Hooker, Charlotte Edwards & Tom Espiner Business reporters, BBC News Share Save

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A range of household bills are set to go up throughout April. There is nothing much you can do if your council tax is increasing, or you are buying a house and facing a higher stamp duty bill. But when it comes to other bills, such as energy, water or broadband, here are three strategies that could help ease the pressure.

1. Shop around

For some services you can often get a better deal simply by calling the company you are with and saying you are considering leaving. "Shop around for better deals, and haggle with your existing provider," says Alice Haine, from professional services group Evelyn Partners. "It's always worth haggling. Haggle for everything." That applies to a whole range of bills, including insurance, energy, and broadband. "Our research shows that switching providers if you're out of contract can slash broadband, pay TV and mobile bills by up to £235," says Emily Seymour, from consumer group Which? Gas and electricity are often the biggest bills people face and the price cap set by the regulator is rising by 6%, so it is worth finding the best deal for you. That may include choosing a fixed rate deal, says Ms Seymour. If you charge an electric vehicle or use appliances overnight, look for a deal with a cheaper night tariff. "We'd also recommend taking a meter reading as close to 31 March as possible to ensure you're billed the correct amount for your energy usage," she says.

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2. Cut back

One surefire way to keep your bills down is to reduce what you use. Taking shorter showers and putting in a showerhead with a slower flow will save money on your water and energy bills. "You have to treat water as an expensive resource," Ms Haine says. Getting a water meter fitted may save you money, she adds. Smart meters for electricity and gas can also help you keep tabs on what is pushing up your energy bills most, the Energy Saving Trust says. The trust advises draught-proofing your home, including round floorboards, pipework and old extractor fans, and setting the thermostat to the lowest comfortable temperature. For most people, it says, that is between 18°C and 21°C. MoneySavingExpert says you can save money by using the principle: "heat the human, not the home". Using hot water bottles and electric blankets should work out cheaper than turning up the radiators. You can also change the settings on combi or conventional boilers to save money, says Martin Lewis at MoneySavingExpert. When it comes to transport bills, you can't avoid the vehicle tax rise unless you ditch the car altogether. But if you are taking the train it is also worth checking whether a railcard will help, points out Ms Seymour. "To cut costs on rail fares, we'd recommend booking tickets in advance and splitting fares where possible," she says.

3. Get help

'Awful April" will see a range of household bills rise, but there are ways to ease the pain.

Bill rises: Three things you can do to lower the impact

Trump-endorsed news channel sees shares surge 2,200%

4 hours ago Share Save Annabelle Liang Business reporter Share Save

Getty Images Newsmax made its debut on the New York Stock Exchange on Monday

Conservative TV company Newsmax has seen its stock market valuation surge by more than 2,200% since its debut in New York on Monday. The US firm's shares, which were originally priced at $10 (£7.75) each, stood at $233 at the end of Tuesday's trading session. That means it has a market value of almost $30bn, which surpasses Fox Corp - the owner of rival Fox News - and other media giants Warner Bros Discovery and Paramount Global. Newsmax is seen as friendly to US President Donald Trump and was promoted by him during his first term in the White House.

Conservative US cable TV channel Newsmax started trading on the New York Stock Exchange on Monday.

Newsmax: Trump-endorsed news outlet sees 2,200% share surge

'National Insurance rise may force us to close'

37 minutes ago Share Save Dave Harvey Business and Environment Correspondent, BBC West Share Save

BBC Katryn Bennett says she faces a £35,000 increase in National Insurance costs

Charities and childcare nurseries say they are furious that they face increases in their National Insurance bills, but are also powerless to raise their incomes. From 6 April almost all employers will pay higher National Insurance Contributions (NICs) for staff, something the government says is necessary to fund public services. But charities and some nurseries say that, unlike businesses, they cannot increase their prices. "It's totally unfair" said Katryn Bennett, who owns a children's nursery.

She added: "If this treatment continues, people like myself will quit". The government insisted it has taken "the necessary decisions on tax to stabilise the public finances".

When I dropped in on the Acorn Day Nursery in Somerton, Somerset, it was hairdressing time. "How would madam like her hair today?" teased Mrs Bennett, combing the hair of one of her four-year-old charges. What does National Insurance pay for? She started the nursery 26 years ago, but is now worrying she may have to close. "I don't want to do that to the families, the community that we love, but what we do?" she said. "We're dictated to. We're left with no option."

The childcare is paid for by government vouchers, which have not increased to pay for the extra costs of NICs

Like many businesses, her nursery faces a big increase in NICs. With 21 staff it will cost her about £35,000 more a year. But unlike regular firms, she can do little about it in terms of cuts. Her staff numbers are set by child protection laws, keeping the ratio of workers to children fixed. "And we are not allowed to increase our prices," Mrs Bennett added. All of the families whose children come to Acorn use government vouchers, for what ministers call "free childcare". Parents pay small supplements for some food and items like art supplies. But although one arm of government has increased Mrs Bennett's costs substantially, the other arm has not raised the voucher payments. "I think it's totally unfair, totally unjust, what are we supposed to do?" she said. We asked the government why there was this imbalance. A spokesperson for HM Treasury said it "will only provide support for [government] departments and other public sector employers for additional National Insurance costs". Private companies contracted by the government, they confirmed, are not exempt from NIC increases and will be given no specific support. This means, for example, that NHS hospitals will get help but not hospices.

Therapists at Brainwave help young children with additional needs, but will also be hit by National Insurance increases

For charities, the position is even worse. National Insurance, after all, is not just a tax on businesses but on all employers. Keith Sinclair runs Brainwave, a specialist charity in Bridgwater helping young children with disabilities and additional needs. "We have to find another £72,000 a year, and we're unable to pass those costs on to the people we support," he said. His charity's whole existence is based on not charging people who use their services, yet the NIC increase hits Brainwave just as hard as any private business. Mr Sinclair already has to raise £2m a year in donations, now he needs to find donors willing to pay his increased tax bill.

Keith Sinclair said he is "angry" that his charity now has to raise another £72,000

During my visit I watched as a young child with learning difficulties was gently coached to walk around a therapy room. Later, a speech therapist played bubble games with him, apparently just for fun. But gradually he made sign language signals for "more" and "again". The work of this charity is increasingly in demand, as services within the NHS are harder to find for parents with disabled children. Yet now the government is increasing their costs, Mr Sinclair said: "I feel angry about it, because we all know that health and social care is on its knees and we are increasingly picking up the slack, and then we are faced with increasing costs to do that." We asked the Treasury to comment on these cases. A spokesperson said: "We support our charities through a world-leading tax regime which provided £6bn in relief for the sector last year alone, including exemptions from paying business rates."

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Charities and childcare centres say they are being hit by the tax increase but cannot raise prices.

National Insurance rise 'will lead to nurseries closing'

'Seek help with bills if falling behind'

12 hours ago Share Save Chloe Parkman BBC News, South West Share Save

Danny Lawson/PA Wire People have been advised to "shop around" in a bid to save money

Citizens Advice has urged people in Cornwall to "seek help at an early stage" if they are struggling with the cost of living. Gas and electricity bills went up for millions of households on 1 April when the latest energy price cap took effect. Wailim Wong, from Citizens Advice in Cornwall, said demand was starting to increase, adding more people were expected to come forward in about a month. "If you're falling behind... seek help at an early stage from Citizens Advice or another charity," he said.

'Keep afloat'

"What tends to happen is people just try and keep afloat and keep going for as long as possible. Mr Wong said the organisation would be stopping its drop-in sessions across all of its Cornwall offices for six months following a demand on its phone services. "We're stopping what we call the drop-in sessions... "We're going to use those six months to recruit more volunteers and more advisors. "After those six months we will be able to go back to doing that face-to-face."

Mr Wong said face-to-face appointments would still be available. He issued advice to those who may be struggling with finances, urging them to "shop around". "There are deals out there, sometimes they are quite substantial. "Spend a bit of time... going through your household budget. "What's coming in every month, what's going out, where can I make some savings?"

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Wailim Wong advises residents to shop around to get the best deals.

Cornwall's Citizens Advice urges people to seek help with bills

Trump is pressing the nuclear option on tariffs

Watch: What we do and don’t know about Trump’s ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs

The option of a 20% universal tariff is the only way to get to some of the massive revenues of trillions of dollars claimed by some of his advisers.

And it is still possible that he will do this by launching the equivalent of a salvo of ballistic missiles into the global trading system, with a universal tariff on all imports into the USA.

Today, he will reveal in the White House Rose Garden not just how serious he is about "the most beautiful word in the dictionary", but effectively call time on decades of economic globalisation.

Every time Donald Trump has mentioned his plan to levy massive tariffs on imports into the US, there has been a widespread assumption that they will be delayed, watered down or rowed back.

In recent days, President Trump has been adamant that the tariffs will be "reciprocal" and the US will be "nicer" to its trade partners.

That doesn't rule out wide-scale imposition of tariffs at 10 or 20%, if, for example, the US deems that Value Added Taxes are tariffs.

It is possible that countries could be very broadly bracketed into different levels of a basically universal tariff. As one G7 negotiator told me at the weekend, "it all comes down to President Trump".

A system such as this, with equivalent global retaliation, would see the UK economy shrinking by 1%, enough to wipe out growth and lead to pressure for tax rises or spending cuts.

The total cost around the world could, according to an Aston University Business School study, be $1.4 trillion (£1.1tn), as trade is diverted, and prices rise.

In industry, there is some expectation that the European Union will target US tech companies. There could be quite the contrast should the UK choose not just to hold back on retaliation, but offer a significant tax cut to US big tech.

Trade wars are hard to win, and easy for everyone to lose.

A universal tariff of 20%, or its equivalent, would be a historic hit to the global trading system, on a par with the infamous Smoot-Hawley tariffs nearly a century ago.

There is something bigger here, however. As the Vice President JD Vance said in a speech last month, globalisation has failed in the eyes of this administration because the idea was that "rich countries would move further up the value chain, while the poor countries made the simpler things".

As that has not panned out, especially in the case of China, the US is moving away from this world.

If the US overplays its hand in alienating its allies today, China will be waiting. The hit to US business in Europe, for example, could be offset by cheaper electronics, clothes, and toys from the East arriving in the UK and lowering prices, diverted from the US market.

What starts later today is designed not just to reshape America, and trade, but the way the world itself has been run.

The option of a 20% universal tariff is the only way to get to some of the massive revenues of trillions of dollars claimed by some of his advisers.

Trump is pressing the nuclear option on tariffs

Investigation launched into UK's statistics agency

The ONS has previously accepted its economic data has some issues and on Tuesday said it looked forward to engaging with the review.

The Bank of England has previously criticised the statistics agency for the reliability of its job market data, which the central bank looks at to decide whether to raise or cut interest rates.

The government has asked a former top civil servant to conduct an independent investigation into the effectiveness of the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

The UK's official statistics agency, whose information is at the heart of decisions affecting millions of people, is under review following criticisms about its data.

It added that later this week it will publish a "new strategic business plan" which will set out "how key statistics and services will be prioritised over the year ahead".

The Cabinet Office and the UK Statistics Authority, which has oversight of the ONS, said that they have asked Sir Robert Devereux to lead the review which will "assess the effectiveness of the ONS in delivering its core statistics".

He will also examine the agency's "organisational culture, structure and leadership" and look at the effectiveness of its relationships with the Treasury and the Cabinet Office.

The reliability of the ONS's labour force survey has been an issue for some time. The survey gathers information from households on areas such as employment, joblessness and economic inactivity.

The Bank of England's chief economist Huw Pill wrote to the ONS last May to raise concerns about "ongoing problems" with the survey, such as low response rates which had worsened during Covid.

As a result, he said the Bank was unable to "place much weight" on the ONS's data and had to use other official figures to help decide on interest rates.

The ONS has committed to introducing a new, more accurate labour data series by next year.

However, in December Sir Ian Diamond, national statistician and leader of the ONS, cautioned it may not happen until 2027.

Sir Robert Chote, chair of the UK Statistics Authority, said: "This review is an opportunity to help ensure that the ONS can deliver of its best in what is a challenging external environment."

The Office for National Statistics is under review after criticism about the reliability of its data.

Investigation launched into UK's Office for National Statistics

Tolu and Isaac Frimpong are leaving London to avoid an extra £1,000 in monthly expenses.

Cost of living: Family leaves London to avoid April increases

Why are bills going up? Your questions answered

3 hours ago Share Save Share Save

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A range of household bills, including council tax, water, gas and electricity have risen today. The BBC's cost of living correspondent, Kevin Peachey, has been answering your most asked questions on the price rises.

Why are bills going up?

Tashi and Chris asked why bills are going up. This is a very simple question, but I'm afraid the answer isn't straightforward. There are a host of reasons why bills are rising. On energy, it's the consequence of an increase in wholesale prices paid by suppliers, often owing to global events. Councils and water companies, meanwhile, say there's a desperate need to raise bills to pay for investment in services. Some bill increases are always scheduled for this time of year, to match the rate of rising prices - inflation. So another question is: what can you do about it? Consumer groups are urging people to shop around, claim everything they are entitled to, and cut back where possible. We have a guide to help you here.

Is cash a better way to budget?

James: I get £150 in cash out every week. It's amazing how it helps you budget things. Why don't more people try it? There is evidence of people turning to notes and coins to help them budget. Although cash use was hit during the pandemic, it has made a bit of a comeback, with many people taking the same view as James. However, there are areas in which this doesn't work. Shopping around for a better deal on essential bills is often something done online, and may require signing up to a direct debit payment. Rewards, or money off, are often also available to those who pay by card. So, it may well be that using a mix of ways to pay works best - but questions remain about access to cash and internet services among the vulnerable.

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Will my wage rise be eaten away by tax?

Richard Kendall asked about frozen tax thresholds, which mean pay rises can see people drawn into paying higher rates of income tax. This is what is known as fiscal drag - not a phrase you'll hear talked about much, but it is important. It means that while income tax rates haven't risen, the income levels at which they are paid have been frozen, and will continue to be so until 2028. There have been rumours that the freeze could be extended, but there are no concrete plans for that as yet. So, more people are being dragged into paying higher rates of tax, or simply having a greater proportion of their income taxed. Taking a closer look at your pay slip is worthwhile, and it needs to be considered when looking at your personal budget. Experts say studying exactly how much post-tax income is coming in, and looking at it alongside your spending, is never a waste of time. And it may require you to trim some of your spending. Shopping around, or cancelling unused subscriptions are a good start, experts say.

Do we just have to accept water bill increases?

Colin Smith: Do we simply have to accept water bill increases because we can't shop around? Water services are different, because the 'switch for a better deal' advice simply doesn't, ahem, hold water. There is plenty of debate over why water bills are going up so much (remember some suppliers wanted bigger increases). But there are things you can do to keep your costs down, even though you can't shop around. Experts say getting a water meter fitted can reduce bills if you have relatively low usage. Water-saving shower heads, or similar, are available free from some companies. Then, there is the WaterSure scheme, which means the bill is capped for people on certain benefits, who have a medical condition, or who have a certain number of school-age children at home. You do need to apply for this help though.

Does this hit the government's plans for growth?

Sam Halkyard, 32, from Rotherham: How does the government expect the economy to grow with all these bill increases? Ministers are pushing their "agenda for growth" at every opportunity, calling for red tape to be cut to pave the way for investment. There is a delicate balancing act here. The government wants people's living standards to rise, and it wants them to spend to encourage investment by businesses. Remember, all of this comes with a background of wage rises outpacing prices, an uptick in the housing market, and some signs of hope for the wider economy. But ministers won't want to see a return of runaway inflation - the annual rise of prices - because that would inevitably lead to a rise in interest rates, and higher borrowing costs for businesses and individuals. So, outside of this, you are seeing the government push ahead with some big, long-term investment projects, like road tunnels and runways.

I'm single, where's help for me?

Jules, 57: I'm single. My wages don't go up in April. Where's the help for us? Charities have raised the alarm specifically about people like you, Jules. Citizens Advice says that single households, including single parents, tend to spend a greater proportion of their income on household bills. As a result, there is far less wriggle room financially when bills rise. One solution is to investigate all the options that are open to you. For example, as I'm sure you already know if it includes you, there is a 25% discount on council tax, for those who live on their own. But there is, without doubt, a single person premium on the cost of living because there's only one income coming in, so it may be harder to deal with the money going out.

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What's happening with energy standing charge?

David Bosworth and Jeff Rumble asked how the energy standing charge applies to bills. This is a household cost which many people feel is unfair - not least because there is nothing you can do about it. Standing charges are the fees charged to all billpayers to cover the cost of being connected to a gas and electricity supply. They are unaffected by the amount of energy that a household uses. After rising sharply in recent years, the average electricity standing charge actually fell from today - although it rose slightly for gas. More significantly, it varies considerably depending on where you live. The energy regulator, Ofgem, is considering reform that would allow people a choice of ways to pay - but stresses that these costs will still need to be covered.

Council tax: What do I get for it?

Ian Griffiths, from Flintshire, on council tax: Other than having my bin emptied once a fortnight, I don't actually have anything for the money I pay. In Wales, local authorities are increasing 2025-2026 council tax bills by between 5% and more than 9%. Ian may be stretching his point a little - local authorities provide a range of services such as street lighting, parks and care services. However, at its heart, his question highlights a common debate. Should these bill increases stay at the bare minimum because people are struggling financially, or are our local services in such desperate need of investment that council tax needs to go up above inflation?

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Are pensioners facing a harder hit?

Lyn Nailer: Will pensioners suffer the most from these bill rises? One important point to stress here is that different people, in different areas of the country, will be affected in different ways. Water and energy bills vary depending on where you live, and the different nations of the UK have different rules on council tax and more. But the state pension is UK-wide, and the good news is that it will be going up by more than the rate of price rises from next week. The triple lock means it will increase by 4.1%. Does everyone get the full state pension? No. Does the increase mean pensioners' finances won't be stretched? Of course not. But when asked about how people will cope, ministers are inevitably pointing to this increase as evidence of how the government is helping out.

What about the minimum wage increase?

David and Steve pointed out that incomes are rising, including via an increase of the minimum wage. Yes, it is not all doom and gloom today. There is an increase in the minimum wage - up to £12.21 an hour for over 21s - and there are increases too for younger workers and apprentices. Official figures show that average wages have been rising faster than prices. The state pension and benefits will also go up from next week. This will certainly help pay some of those bills, and you won't see the impact directly until you look at your bank balance in the coming weeks. The Treasury is also pointing to moves to freeze fuel duty and ensure the main rates of tax - income tax, VAT and employees' National Insurance - do not go up during this Parliament, as evidence of the support billpayers are receiving.

Is there a silver lining?

Bills, bins, and benefits - the BBC's cost of living correspondent Kevin Peachy answers your questions on bill rises.

Why are bills going up and what can I do about it?

Car firms fined for withholding recycling information

It comes as the European Commission also handed out fines totalling €458m (£382.7m) to 15 carmakers, plus the European Automobiles Manufacturers' Association (ACEA), for breaking recycling laws.

The carmakers and trade groups were found to have agreed to withhold information from customers regarding the amount of their cars that could actually be recycled.

BMW, Ford, Jaguar Land Rover, Peugeot Citroen, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Renault, Toyota, Vauxhall, and Volkswagen, and two trade bodies were fined by the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA).

Ten carmakers and two industry groups have been fined a combined total of nearly £78m for withholding information about vehicle recycling.

"We will not tolerate cartels of any kind, and that includes those that suppress customer awareness and demand for more environmental-friendly products," said Teresa Ribera, executive vice-president for the European Commission's clean energy transition arm.

The CMA said, with the exception of Renault, that the carmakers also agreed they would not tell customers what percentage of their cars were made from recycled materials.

The regulator added that most of the carmakers involved did this for 15 years from 2002.

It said that eight of the manufacturers it had fined made a "buyers' cartel" with other carmakers joining later.

The buyers' cartel meant they agreed not to pay companies to handle the recycling of their customers' vehicles once the cars were considered at the end of their lives.

Both the ACEA and the Society of Motor Manufacturers (SMMT) were involved in these illegal agreements, the CMA said.

Carmakers are legally required to include details on recyclability in their adverts so customers can take this into account before buying.

All of the carmakers and industry bodies involved, apart from Mercedes-Benz, which has been granted immunity from penalties, have now settled with the CMA.

That means they admitted to taking part in this illegal behaviour and agreed to pay the fines.

The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) said it fully cooperated with the CMA's investigation and has accepted the findings.

It said in a statement that it takes its competition law obligations "extremely seriously" and has "thoroughly reviewed and bolstered its protocols to safeguard current and future compliance."

BMW, Ford, JLR, Peugeot Citroen, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Renault, Toyota, Vauxhall and Volkswagen have all been fined.

Car firms fined for withholding recycling information

UK has best chance to overturn tariffs, says Reynolds

1 hour ago Share Save Joshua Nevett Political reporter Henry Zeffman Chief political correspondent Share Save

BBC

The trade secretary has insisted the UK is best-placed to eventually overturn US trade tariffs, despite failing to negotiate an exemption so far. Jonathan Reynolds told the BBC the UK was expecting to be hit by a new raft of import taxes set to be announced on Wednesday by President Donald Trump. But he added ongoing talks with the Trump administration meant the UK was in the "best possible position of any country" to have them reversed. Economists have warned any major tariffs could knock the UK's economy off course and make it harder for the government to hit its self-imposed borrowing rules.

Trump has previously raised the possibility that countries could receive "breaks" from tariffs - taxes that will make it more expensive to import goods into the US. But over the weekend, Trump suggested the tariffs would hit all countries, not just those with the biggest trade imbalances with the US. Speaking to reporter from Air force One, Trump said he would "start with all countries". On Monday, the prime minister's official spokesman said talks on an economic deal between the two countries to avoid tariffs had been "constructive", but he did not rule out retaliating if they were imposed on the UK. Reynolds did not give a timescale on when an exemption might be agreed, and said the UK government was keeping "all options on the table". He added: "I do believe not only can we get to a place where we are avoiding tariffs on each other, but we're also strengthening that relationship." He said negotiations that often take years had been done in days. "And I believe that the framework of an agreement is certainly in place," he added. Conservative leader Kemi Badenoch said a "tit for tat" approach of raising tariffs on US goods would only increase bills for British consumers. Instead, she said the government needed to focus on getting a trade deal with the US "as soon as possible".

'No clarity'

Government sources believe talks with the US administration on an economic deal have made good progress, but that at any point they risk being derailed by the president's public comments. At different times, statements by Trump about his tariffs are said to have differed from what his negotiating team had previously understood his position to be. The deal would be broader than just reducing tariffs, focusing on technology but also covering elements of trade in goods and services as well as agriculture - a controversial area in previous unsuccessful US-UK trade talks. One senior source said: "We are pretty much there on an agreement, what we have no clarity on is when the president might sign it off or what he will do next."

Chancellor Rachel Reeves has suggested the UK could change its taxes on big tech firms as part of a deal to avoid US tariffs. The digital services tax, introduced in 2020, imposes a 2% levy on tech firms, including big US firms such as Amazon, bringing in about £800m in tax per year. The independent Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) has warned tariffs could wipe billions off economic growth and all but eliminate Reeves's buffer against her self-imposed rules on spending and borrowing. The forecaster has warned that a trade war could cut the size of the British economy by 1% in the worst-case scenario. Trump has already announced a series of tariffs on steel, aluminium and vehicles coming into the US - and unlike other countries, the UK has decided to not to set out plans to retaliate with tariffs of its own. But ahead of the latest round of expected tariffs, ministers are facing calls to hit back and protect UK business from the impact of Trump's taxes.

Sector worries

Tne trade secretary says the UK will be hit by tariffs on Wednesday but can negotiate an exemption.

UK has best chance to overturn Trump tariffs, says Reynolds

Traders looking for support as costs rise

58 minutes ago Share Save Kate Baldock BBC Radio Shropshire Share Save

BBC Helen Upton said she hoped shoppers would understand why price rises were necessary

Shopkeepers in a Shropshire town are asking people for their continued support, with prices set to rise again. The new financial year has brought with it increases to energy, water and council tax bills, and employers will also have to pay more in National Insurance contributions and the minimum wage. Helen Upton, from Catherine's Bakery in Bridgnorth, said traders would have to pass some of those costs on, but added: "I'm hoping the public of Bridgnorth will see that price increases are going to be coming for their survival, not for making extra profit." Sally Themans from Love Bridgnorth said: "If a local community doesn't want to see its high street fall over it needs to get out there and spend that money locally."

Ms Upton believes shops in Bridgnorth were suffering for a number of reasons, including parking fees, and she said: "A lot of them are on the borderline and have just decided enough's enough." She also said she had noticed people being more careful with their money in recent years and buying smaller loaves to cut costs. But, she said, Saturdays were the exception because tourists visiting the town were "just feeling a little bit easier because they're on a day out".

Becky Bratt said the loss of Severn Valley Railway customers was a problem for some businesses

Becky Bratt from The Petal Bar florist said she had a good weekend for mother's day and Bridgnorth is a relatively affluent area. But she said parking was a "big, big problem" and the recent closure of part of the Severn Valley Railway line due to a land slip had had an impact on trade. She said one pub landlord had told her the loss of the extra visitors had made a big difference. Despite this, Ms Themans, who is also on the Love Bridgnorth group who campaign on behalf of the town, said: "There are some signs of people still wanting to come in and open businesses on our high street." She accepted it was a "challenging" time but said the town offered "value for money and a bespoke customer service".

The state of Bridgnorth high street

Shopkeepers on Bridgnorth high street are likely to feel the pinch as bills rise this April.

Bridgnorth shopkeepers looking for support as bills rise in April

Dry cleaner in a spin over energy cost unfairness

2 hours ago Share Save Matthew Richards BBC News Share Save

BBC Mike Jones said higher costs are driving some customers across the border

A dry cleaner has said businesses just 10 miles away can charge a quarter of the price for services due to differing energy prices between regions. Small and medium-sized businesses in north Wales and Merseyside are expected to pay 13% more in electricity bills than London from this month due to non-wholesale energy costs known as third-party charges. Mike Jones, who runs Borras Dry Cleaners in Wrexham, said his company was being "penalised" by being charged 8% more than the UK average. Energy bill forecaster Cornwall Insight said the forecasts highlighted the "stark regional disparities" faced by small businesses.

Borras Dry Cleaners in Wrexham said the standing charge should be the same everywhere

Mr Jones said his running costs were already high and the increase in energy bills would affect already low profit margins. He said: "Pre-Covid we spent about £1,000 to £2,000 per month and now we're probably paying £8,000 to £10,000." He said having to deal with the highest charges in the UK was hitting north Wales and Merseyside hard. Small businesses are expected to pay almost £13,000 more per year than the average like-for-like enterprise in the UK and £19,000 more than London, according to Cornwall Insight's research. He added: "The problem is when 10 miles down the road there's an English company who's paying a fraction of the price that we are. "Customers can find a company across the border which can serve them at a quarter of the price that we can do it. "We're a local business, employing local people and we're penalised - for what reason? Nobody knows."

What are third-party charges?

Third-party charges differ from region to region and make up about 60% of a business electricity bill. They include all electricity costs outside the price of the fuel itself and are split into network charges like distribution and transmission costs, and policy costs such as funding for government initiatives like renewable energy.

Borras Dry Cleaners provides laundry services for hotels and other businesses

Cornwall Insight carried out research into how companies would be affected by the difference in charges across the UK. About 81% of UK businesses expect to raise prices due to higher energy bills from Tuesday, it found. Dr Craig Lowrey, principal consultant at Cornwall Insight, said: "These forecasts highlight the stark regional disparities in electricity costs for SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises). "The steep third-party charges faced by those in particular regions only serves to highlight the problems faced by those businesses that could already be operating on razor-thin margins."

Mr Jones said: "You'll look at a competitor and think 'who's going to go first?' If the company goes first you'll take on their work. "Then you just take on more energy costs. We can't put our prices up because it's impossible. People will stop using us."

The firm is determined to keep prices low despite higher bills

Small businesses in north Wales believe it's "unfair" to have the highest energy charges in the UK.

North Wales businesses face highest energy costs in the UK

Single parents hit hardest by 'awful April' bill rises

8 hours ago Share Save Kevin Peachey Cost of living correspondent Share Save

Getty Images

A series of essential household bills are rising at the start of April, with warnings that single parents are among the hardest hit. Water bills, energy prices and council tax are all going up on Tuesday in what has been dubbed "awful April", although the minimum wage is also increasing. The charity Citizens Advice said the finances of millions of people on the lowest incomes were "already stretched to breaking point". Many single parents in particular would struggle because a greater proportion of their money was taken up by essential spending, it said.

Laura Roan, a single mother of two daughters from Cardiff, said: "Without my own mum helping, there would be some days when I would not have any electric." The 41-year-old, who works part-time in Asda, is using emergency credit on her energy meter and regularly dips into her overdraft.

Laura Roan Laura says her family brings her joy but finances are stretched

"I got paid last Friday and it has all gone. I just live day to day." She said her five-year-old daughter Prudence brought her joy and often took her mind off the financial challenges they faced. Those challenges are increasing as a host of price rises kick in. The costs of a TV licence, car tax, and broadband and phone bills are among those going up in cost. Among the changes: Water bills for households are going up in England and Wales by £10 more per month on average, although it varies considerably by supplier, and by almost 10% in Scotland

The annual energy bill for a household in England, Wales and Scotland on a variable tariff and using a typical amount of gas and electricity is going up by £111 a year to £1,849

Council tax bills in England are generally going up by 4.99%, with bills in Wales rising by about 4.5% to 9.5%, and in Scotland by at least 8% "After years of cost-of-living pressures, households across the country are about to feel the extra shock of rising essential bills," said Dame Clare Moriarty, chief executive of Citizens Advice. "For those on the lowest incomes, these unavoidable costs are already eating away at their finances, leaving their budgets stretched beyond breaking point." The charity said households in the lowest 10% for income were already spending around two fifths (41%) of their earnings - after housing - on water, energy, broadband and car insurance bills. That was a considerably bigger proportion than those on higher incomes.

Single-adult households, and particularly those with children, were more likely than others to be spending 20% or more of their post-housing income on these bills, leaving them more exposed to price shocks, it said. John Paine is a single dad with three autistic children aged between five and eight. He said he had £100 left over at the end of the month when all the bills were paid. "It goes quickly," he said, with a school trip, a picnic or a day out usually taking up a big chunk of that spending money. "It means we do not go out very much," he said. Official figures show that a fifth of families do not have any savings, leaving them at risk. Dozens of people have got in touch via Your Voice, Your BBC News to tell us of their experiences. Among them is Bradley Bayton-Harvey, who lives with his partner Ange in Dudley. They have three girls, including three-year-old Darcie-Mai. Both have full-time jobs with the NHS.

Bradley Bayton-Harvey says family time can be affected

"We both work nearly 200 hours a month, and it is still a stretch. We're rejiggling finances again and again," he said. "If we can try to get any additional shifts in our rest days to get that extra income, it's frustrating because those rest days should be family time. "You shouldn't have to turn around to your kids and say that you can't afford to go on holiday."

Any silver lining?

Benefits and the state pension are going up in a week's time. Wages have also been rising at a faster pace than the rate of inflation, and the start of April also brings an increase in the minimum wage. It means: The minimum wage for over-21s, known officially as the National Living Wage, has now risen by 6.7%, from £11.44 to £12.21 an hour. For someone working full time, or a 37.5-hour week, that equates to £23,873.60 a year, up from £22,368.06

For 18 to 20-year-olds, the minimum wage has gone up from £8.60 to £10 an hour. This means someone on a 37.5-hour week would earn £19,552 a year, up from £16,815. However only a minority of people in this age group do work full time

Apprentices are now being paid £7.55 an hour, up from £6.40. That means their annual wage is going up to £14,762 from £12,513 In addition, experts say there are ways to cut costs to keep household bills as low as possible. "Our research shows that switching providers if you're out of contract can slash broadband, pay TV and mobile bills by up to £235," said Emily Seymour, from the consumer group Which?. "It's also worth checking if you're eligible for any council tax reductions or exemptions and could save money by installing a water meter." Some of the UK's biggest banks have also said they would pro-actively contact customers they believed were struggling financially to offer assistance.

A series of household bills, including water, energy and council tax, increase on Tuesday.

Single parents hit hardest by 'awful April' bill rises

Tolu and Isaac Frimpong are relocating their family from London to Kent to avoid an extra £1,000 in monthly expenses set to hit in April.

Their council tax, water bills and mortgage were due to rise on top of an already "squeezed budget".

The Frimpongs, who were both born and grew up in London, have raised their four sons in the city but made the bittersweet decision to move from Croydon.

Story by Meghan Owen & Elliot Darby

'Scary' demand for community supermarket

2 hours ago Share Save Stuart Woodward BBC News, Essex Reporting from Braintree Share Save

Stuart Woodward/BBC Carolyn Hobbs uses the hub in Witham as her pension "only stretches so far"

A new community supermarket has opened in a town, due to a similar facility nearby struggling to meet demand. The Braintree Hub in Essex contains groceries and everyday items which can be bought by its members at a discounted price. Its sister hub in Witham has seen an increase in people travelling from Braintree to use its services due to the cost-of-living crisis. Founder of the hubs, Tina Townsend, said the local demand for help was "quite scary".

'Feeling the pinch'

Members pay an annual fee of £5 which enables them to use the community supermarket. The hub premises will also contain computer facilities and there are plans for a cafe in the future. "I've had over a thousand messages already about when are we opening, what times, what days," Ms Townsend told the BBC. "We'll give it a go, we'll do our best and if we run out of stock on day one, we'll just have to restock on day two".

John Fairhall/BBC Laura Fowle started using the Witham Hub when her working hours were cut by 25%

Laura Fowle, 45, has used the Witham Hub for the last few months to purchase discounted food. A bookkeeper in London for 19 years, she knows how to handle her money, but her working days were cut from four to three. "I was quite OK before then but now I'm really feeling the pinch - certain months there's less money than I'd hope for," she said. "[The hub] has made a massive difference - being able to put the heating on, staying warm and healthy and happy, it's just fantastic." Another user of the Witham Hub, Carolyn Hobbs, says it helps as her pension "only stretches so far". The 66-year-old said people should not worry about any stigma surrounding the use of community supermarkets. "Nobody knows that you're struggling, you're just going in to have a look," Ms Hobbs told the BBC. "I think it's what's in people's heads that stops them using these places."

John Fairhall/BBC Tina Townsend is the founder of both the Witham and Braintree hubs

'A crisis in the UK'

Stuart Woodward/BBC The Braintree Community Supermarket contains groceries and cleaning items which members can buy at a discounted price

Ms Townsend said it was "unfortunate" that community hubs and food banks were still needed. "I just wish the government would look at this as a crisis in the UK and start looking at how they can actually help these people," she told the BBC. As well as the Braintree and Witham hubs, there are 12 others in Essex and another two on the way, which are supported by Essex County Council. "Ultimately this has knocked on from the Covid pandemic, which saw a huge uptake in food banks," said Ben Mann, the council's lead for its affordable food programme. "What we wanted to do was give people an alternative to that crisis support, where they maintain their dignity, their control and their choice over how they spend their money, but spend a little less money each time. Cllr Mary Cunningham, cabinet member for stronger communities at Braintree District Council, said: "At present we have some really good local organisations and projects that help support our communities through the cost-of-living crisis, but we welcome the addition of this hub which will compliment our projects and bring affordable groceries and support to the people of Braintree."

A spokesperson for the Department for Work and Pensions said that "no-one should be living in poverty, and we know that the best route out of poverty for struggling families is well paid, secure work". "That is why we are reforming our broken welfare system so it helps people into good jobs, boosting living standards and putting money in people's pockets. "Alongside this we have increased the Living Wage, extended the Household Support Fund, and are supporting 700,000 of the poorest families by introducing a Fair Repayment Rate on Universal Credit deductions to help low-income households," the spokesperson added.

The Braintree Hub has opened after a similar facility nearby struggled to cope with high demand.

'Scary' demand for Braintree community supermarket

How much more will low paid workers get in their wages?

1 hour ago Share Save Clodagh Rice BBC News NI business correspondent Share Save

PA Media The amount of an increase in wages will depend on age

Up to 170,000 of the lowest paid workers in Northern Ireland are due to receive a pay rise on Tuesday. The National Living Wage paid to over-21s is going up by 6.7%, from £11.44 to £12.21 per hour. The National Minimum Wage for 18 to 20-year-olds is increasing by 16%, from £8.60 to £10 per hour. The National Minimum Wage for under-18s is going up by 18%, from £6.40 to £7.55 per hour.

The apprenticeship rate, which applies to eligible people under 19 or those over 19 in the first year of an apprenticeship, will increase by the same amount.

'Frustrating' increase for employers

Employers will have to pay this increase in wages, on top of the increase in employers' National Insurance contributions which are coming into effect on 6 April. Mount Charles employs about 3,500 people in support services, like catering, cleaning and events, across the island of Ireland. Chief strategy officer Gavin Annon said: "This impact, between National Insurance and National Living Wage is roughly an extra £2.5m to us, so it's significant. "We're a low-margin business as it is so we can only pass that cost on to our clients so much. It's been a huge ask for us to try and find a way to mitigate this." Mr Annon said the change is "frustrating" but the company will "have to be smarter with the resources that we deploy". "The rubber hasn't hit the road on this yet - it's only coming into place this week - so as and when you see that impact, I think it will change attitudes and behaviour in terms of what this actually looks like," he added.

'Survival mode'

Gavin Annon said the change could be 'catastrophic' for some sectors

The new National Living Wage and National Minimum Wage rates take effect from Tuesday.

How will National Minimum Wage and National Living Wage affect employers?

The Finnish defence firms 'on steroids'

3 hours ago Share Save Maddy Savage BBC News, Helsinki Share Save

BBC Jose Barrientos builds headsets for military training

Wearing a laboratory coat and thin silver gloves, production specialist Jose Barrientos is painstakingly piecing together a white-framed goggle-like headset. It includes multiple cameras, eye-tracking technologies and electronics that work together to simulate scenarios from high stakes military operations. "Everything has to be perfect," says the production specialist. "So many different things can affect other things that can affect the final product in such a massive, massive way." Mr Barrientos works for Varjo, one of a growing number of companies in Finland developing innovations that can assist military forces and governments in preparing for or reacting to conflict. The Nordic nation, with a population of just five million, has 368 defence tech companies, according to research for Tesi, a state-funded venture capital company, released last September. Around 40% of these are start-ups and scale-ups, with many growing at rates of 30% to 40% if their tools are dual-use technologies that can also be used in other industries.

Helsinki is now among the top five cities in Europe for defence, security and resilience investments, according to a separate report released in February by tech data platform Dealroom, in collaboration with the Nato Innovation Fund, an independent venture capital fund launched in 2023 with funding from 24 Nato allies. Varjo says its headsets are being used to provide 80 simulation programmes to Nato forces in the US and Europe. In simple terms, its products are more advanced versions of the virtual reality headsets used in gaming. But they combine synthetic artificial content with views of real-world environments. This "mixed reality" experience "squeezes the training continuum" for fighter pilots, says the firm's CEO Timo Toikkanen, because they no longer have to travel long distances to complete war simulations in giant aircraft hangers, which are expensive to power and run. "You can do 99% of the same [training] inside of the headset." The start-up had already attracted heavy investment prior to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and started working with medical research companies and car manufacturers. But Mr Toikkanen says the start of the conflict and Finland's admission to Nato a year later "just kind of put everything on steroids" in terms of interest in its defence offering. Since March 2022 the company has raised more than €50m (£42m; $54m) in additional funding.

War in Ukraine has put Timo Toikkanen's defence firm "on steroids"

Mr Toikkanen says that before the war technologies that could be used by military forces used to be "kind of a red flag" for investors concerned about social and environmental responsibilities, and Varjo's executives would "tiptoe around" that side of the business when seeking funding. Now the opposite is now true. "Investors are looking for companies that are active in the field of defence technology and it's not frowned upon anymore," he explains. Following President Trump's return to office in January, Mr Toikkanen says there's been a renewed interest in its products from European militaries in the wake of rising geopolitical tensions. "Suddenly, there's a new understanding that we need to prepare, and we can't only rely on Nato and the United States for our defence." Listen: Business Daily - Finland's Defence Tech Other rapidly expanding Finnish start-ups in the defence and dual-use sectors include Iceye, which has developed fine-resolution microsatellite-based imaging and data services, and Re-orbit which supplies satellite software. Distance Technologies, a start-up backed by Google creates headset-free immersive technologies. In March it announced a collaboration with Patria, a Finnish legacy defence firm, which will trial the tech on its armoured vehicles.

Getty Images Finland has a long border with Russia

Finland shares around 1,340 km (830 miles) of its border with Russia, and the Finnish government spent a greater proportion of its budget on defence than many other European countries even before the war in Ukraine. "There's a phrase I like to leverage, which is 'the tyranny of geography' - the closer you are to a threat, the more likely you are to perceive it as more apparent and indeed more existential," says Nicholas Nelson, a UK-based defence tech investor and visiting fellow at the University of Oxford. "They also have a memory of the Winter War, which transpired during World War Two, where they were invaded by the Soviet Union." The duty of Finns to defend their country is enshrined in the Finnish constitution, and there is mandatory military service for men. Mr Nelson believes this exposure may also have encouraged talented citizens to become founders or investors in defence tech, rather than other fast-growing industries in Europe such as renewable energy or financial technologies.

At Maria 01, a former hospital turned startup campus in Helsinki, entrepreneur Janne Heitela opens his laptop to scroll through images of unmanned airships gathering data above snow-covered Arctic forests. He is the CEO of Kelluu, a company that originally expected its technology to be used by climate researchers, but pivoted to becoming a surveillance platform targeted at cities, governments and research institutions in 2022. "It was a very concrete, personal feeling that we need to also do something for the security situation," says Mr Heitela. He highlights national surveys which suggest at least 80% of the Finnish population are prepared to fight for their country, and agrees with Mr Nelson that this "spirit to be ready to defend" has trickled into start-up and business strategies, and is likely to fuel the sector's continued growth.

Kelluu Kelluu's airships are now marketed as surveillance platforms

Defence tech companies launching in Finland have also been boosted by a strong general tech scene in the country. Many of the country's tech alumni – including Mr Toikkanen at Varjo – honed their skills at Nokia, the former global mobile phone giant which has its roots in Finland. It ran into financial difficulties following the launch of Apple's iPhone in the mid-2000s, but this encouraged a sizable number of former employees to launch or invest in new companies. Although not as mature as other European start-up hubs like Sweden and the UK, Helsinki has spawned a handful of unicorn businesses, worth a billion dollars or more, including sleep and fitness tracking ring Oura and game developer Supercell. There is also strong state support for the defence tech scene. Last year Business Finland, a government agency that promotes investment and innovation, launched a new defence and digital resilience programme which is directing €120m towards supporting research and development initiatives from small businesses and startups. "Our current government… they are really enforcing this kind of public-private collaboration," says the programme's director Kirsi Kokko. "I think they understand the urgency."

Despite the rapid growth of defence tech in Finland, the sector is facing a range of local and European-wide challenges. Mr Heitela, the founder of airship technology platform Kelluu, describes something of a "culture clash" between agile start-ups and large defence companies and governments that have typically required years of experimentation and prototyping before acquiring new technologies. "That's really on the opposite side of the spectrum for start-ups, in which the DNA is that we will fail fast and rapidly, and you don't have every start-up succeed."

Helsinki has become one of the top five cities in Europe for investment in defence and security technologies.

The Finnish defence tech firms 'on steroids'

Hooters restaurant chain files for bankruptcy

1 hour ago Share Save Peter Hoskins Business reporter Share Save

Getty Images

Hooters of America has filed for bankruptcy in Texas, as it tries to deal with its debts by selling all of its company-owned restaurants to a group backed by its founders. The firm currently directly owns and operates 151 restaurants, with another 154 operated by franchisees, mainly in the US. The company said its restaurants, which serve classic American bar food, will stay open during the process and operate "in a business-as-usual manner". Like many other casual dining chains, Hooters has struggled in recent years as it faces rising costs and wages, as well as customers spending less.

Getty Images Hooters is known for its waitresses and chicken wings

Like many other casual dining chains, Hooters has struggled in recent years with rising costs and wages.

Hooters restaurant chain files for bankruptcy

Half of job centres reducing support over shortages

The government said it was redeploying 1,000 work coaches to help, but a charity campaigning to end poverty said the shortage undermined plans announced in the chancellor's Spring Statement to get more disabled people into work.

It comes as the number of claimants being categorised as requiring support has risen from 2.6 million to 3 million in the space of a year.

The National Audit Office said reasons for cutbacks included a lack of funding and challenges in recruiting and retaining staff.

More than half of job centres are reducing support for people claiming universal credit due to a shortage of work coaches, according to a report from the public spending watchdog.

Iain Porter, senior policy adviser at the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, said the government's promise to boost employment had been used to "justify the biggest cuts to disability benefits in recent memory".

"The government must urgently explain how it plans to support disabled people into work while these work coach shortages remain," he said.

Published on Monday, the report said there were 2,100 fewer work coaches - who can offer advice and refer claimants for jobs - employed by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) in England, Wales and Scotland than it estimated were needed.

It said that some 57% of job centres had used flexibilities allowed by the DWP to reduce support for claimants when caseloads are too high between September 2023 and November 2024.

Changes to income rules meant an extra 400,000 people qualified for such support in the year to October.

The number of claimants moving into work each month has also fallen over the past two years.

In the Spring Statement, Chancellor Rachel Reeves said reforms to the "broken" benefits system would save around £4.8bn by the end of the decade, and £1bn would be invested "to provide guaranteed, personalised employment support to help people back into work".

The DWP said it was redeploying staff to help sick and disabled people into work, and was modernising job centres with new digital tools.

A spokesperson said: "Our job centres are full of brilliant work coaches - but they are held back by a system that is too focused on ticking boxes and monitoring benefits instead of genuinely supporting people back into work.

"That is why we are redeploying 1,000 work coaches to help deliver intensive employment support to sick and disabled people, modernising job centres with new digital tools, and improving access to free up work coaches' time as we bring the network together with the National Careers Service."

A report says there are 2,100 fewer work coaches than needed while the number of people requiring support has risen.

Half of job centres reducing support over shortages, watchdog says

Could electric drones you can sit in take off?

13 hours ago Share Save Katharine Da Costa • @katharinedc BBC News Reporting from Oxfordshire Share Save

BBC The Skyfly Axe can take off vertically like a helicopter or land on a runway

Imagine an electric drone mixed with a fixed wing plane - that is the concept behind a new two-seater aircraft being developed by start-up company, Skyfly. The Axe promises the flexibility of a helicopter but without the cost, noise pollution or carbon emissions. It is a vertically capable aircraft, or Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft, which means it can take off like a helicopter. It also has two fixed wings that allows it to take off and land from a runway.

The company claims the Axe has a top speed of 100mph, it can carry up to 172kg - approximately the weight of two 13.5st adults - and has a range of 100 miles, about the distance from Oxford to the Isle of Wight.

Michael Thompson, CEO of Skyfly, is optimistic the new model will be delivered to customers early next year

The team, based near Banbury in Oxfordshire, has taken five years to fine tune the design. "Compared to a conventional aircraft it's got eight motors which is very strange," says Dr Bill Brooks, Skyfly's chief technical engineer. "And it's a tail-first layout called a canard so it's got the tail at the front. The all up weight is 750kg but 240kg of that are batteries so all the structure is carbon fibre to keep it as light as possible," Dr Brooks says. Safety is an important part of the design too.

'Environmental benefits'

The large wings help it to glide in the event of power failure and there are two motors at the end of each wing so that if one fails the other can compensate. It is also equipped with an emergency ballistic parachute to bring the aircraft and passengers down safely. As well as being safer and cleaner than conventional aircraft, Michael Thompson, Skyfly's chief executive, says electric models are significantly quieter too. "When you're taking off, you're no longer annoying everyone around you from a noise perspective, so I do think electric propulsion brings not only environmental benefits but from a noise pollution point of view, it's a huge benefit as well," he says.

Dr Bill Brooks is the chief engineer and test pilot at Skyfly

Who is it marketed at?

Other eVTOLs under development include those looking to provide an electric flying-taxi service like Bristol-based Vertical Aerospace (VA) . VA, as well as Archer and Joby in the US, are designing electric powered aircraft to carry up to four passengers. Skyfly's Axe, by comparison, is more compact and aimed at the private market. The do-it-youself kit-plane comes with a price tag of £250,000. It is aimed at existing pilots who want to transition away from diesel piston engines. Jason Pritchard, executive editor of eVTOL Insights, says it is also likely to appeal to flying clubs in order to train new members: "The eVTOL aircraft industry is still in its infancy with initial operations a few years away, but it also needs to train large numbers of pilots in the coming years," he says. "Additionally, the Axe's design can also train pilots with the skills and controls necessary to land an aircraft without power, which is a necessary tool."

Skyfly The two-seater light aircraft has a range of around 100 miles

What about charging infrastructure?

While the Axe can be charged up overnight with a conventional three-pin plug, just like EV cars, electric aircraft will need the charging infrastructure to be scaled up. Aerovolt, based in West Sussex, has installed rapid chargers at seven UK airports with 40 more in the pipeline. Its founder, Philip Kingsley-Dobson, says demand is growing. "A lot of piston aircraft can't use leaded fuel in the future so they're looking for alternatives and ways we can decarbonise the lower end of aviation," he says.

'Cutting edge'

There are no eVTOL aircraft currently permitted to fly in the UK. Skyfly's Axe has successfully completed manned test flights in both hover and forward flight modes but still needs to be certified by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). With 40 pre-orders from buyers all over the world, the company hopes to deliver the new model to customers early next year. A CAA spokesperson said: "We are working with innovators to test and fly brand new forms of aviation that keeps the UK at the cutting edge of flight technology and supports the sector to grow. "New technology comes with new challenges and safety remains our priority in all this work."

Skyfly's aircraft promises the flexibility of a helicopter without the cost, noise or emissions.

An electric drone you can sit in

Primark boss quits after complaint about behaviour

2 hours ago Share Save Dearbail Jordan Business reporter, BBC News Share Save

Getty Images Primark chief executive Paul Marchant

Primark boss Paul Marchant has resigned following an allegation by a woman about "his behaviour towards her in a social environment". Associated British Foods (ABF), which owns Primark, said following an investigation by external lawyers, Mr Marchant "acknowledged his error of judgement and accepts that his actions fell below the standards expected" by the business. Mr Marchant co-operated with the investigation and apologised to the individual, said ABF. The Primark boss had also been involved in a previous incident involving "inappropriate communication", ABF later confirmed.

The company said that incident had been investigated "some time ago" and that "proportionate action" had been taken. ABF declined to provide any further details, including whether the incidents involved colleagues or individuals from outside the company. A spokesperson told the BBC this was to protect their identities as much as possible.

'Immensely disappointed'

Mr Marchant became chief executive of Primark in 2009, taking over from the firm's founder Arthur Ryan. In announcing Mr Marchant's resignation, George Weston, chief executive of ABF, said: "I am immensely disappointed. Colleagues and others must be treated with respect and dignity. Our culture has to be, and is, bigger than any one individual." He added: "At ABF, we believe that high standards of integrity are essential. Acting responsibly is the only way to build and manage a business over the long term." The company said it remains in contact with the individual "who rightly raised her concerns and have offered her our support". While Primark - or Penneys as it is known in Ireland - has been around since 1969 when Mr Ryan opened the first shop in Dublin, it began ramping up its overseas expansion under Mr Marchant's leadership. Its low-price clothing and rapidly changing stock won over cash-strapped but fashion-conscious younger customers. Although, according to Catherine Shuttleworth, retail analyst at the consultancy Savvy, it has got "ubiquitous appeal". She said: "It has allowed access to affordable clothing for everybody and that has tied into a period of time where global supply chains have significantly changed, so that means you can access products and materials better and more easily." Prior to Primark, Mr Marchant worked for a number of retailers such as Debenhams, Topman and New Look. But, like his predecessor Mr Ryan, he has remained out of the spotlight. Ms Shuttleworth said Primark's leadership "flies under the radar a bit because - it sounds a bit cheesy - they let their shops and their products do the talking". Unlike many of its rivals, Primark resisted selling its products online before finally relenting in 2022 after Covid restrictions drove people to internet shopping. Even then, Primark only launched a click-and-collect service as opposed to offering deliveries. Like other low-cost fashion chains, Primark has been criticised for producing cheap, throwaway clothing.

Paul Marchant talks to the BBC's Emma Simpson in 2022 about improving the durability of Primark's clothing

In a rare interview, Mr Marchant told the BBC in 2022: "We have worked so hard and continue to work hard on ensuring that we're improving the quality and the durability of our clothing. "We don't want customers to buy something and then discard it. We want them to buy, love and keep it in their wardrobe [and] hand it down to their friends."

'Unsettling'

Paul Marchant leaves after an allegation about his behaviour towards a woman "in a social environment".

Paul Marchant: Primark boss quits after woman's complaint about behaviour

Cafe owner's fears over cut to business rate relief

9 hours ago Share Save George Torr BBC News, Derby Ed Collard BBC News, East Midlands Share Save

BBC Donna Carr said the 2024-2025 financial year had been the worst since she opened her cafe six years ago

A small business owner has said her cafe will struggle to survive due to rising costs and is calling on the government for more support. Donna Carr runs Dot-teas Emporium, which also acts as a hub for people to come together for art and craft projects, in Bridge Street in Belper, Derbyshire. She said the 2024-25 financial year had been the worst since she opened in 2019. Ms Carr thinks the situation for her and others will "only get worse" due to the expected reduction in business rate discounts and the cost-of-living crisis, adding: "I don't think [the government] do anything to support us."

In the new financial year, National Insurance contributions (NICs) for employers are set to rise from 13.8% to 15%, there will be a reduction in business rate discount and an increase in the minimum wage. The level at which employers start paying NICs, the secondary threshold, will also reduce from £9,100 to £5,000 per year. But the Employment Allowance, which helps eligible employers reduce their NIC liability, will increase from £5,000 to £10,500 to enable small businesses to offset the rise. Since 2020, businesses like cafes, bars and retail units have had a 75% discount on business rates - capped at £110,000 per business - but this is due to expire on Tuesday.

'Downward spiral'

Ms Carr described the 2024-25 financial year as "shocking". She described her current situation as "hand to mouth" and fears there will be a "downward spiral". "I don't think [the government] think about the independent businesses," she added. "They all say 'shop local' but it's us that gets hammered. "We're not the big companies, they can afford it but we can't. "I don't think they do anything to support us."

Jeevun Sandher, Labour MP for Loughborough, said the burden from the changes would be felt on larger employers the most

Speaking on Politics East Midlands, Jeevun Sandher, Labour MP for Loughborough, said the largest burden on NICs would be on large employers. "Our changes on National Insurance double the employer allowance so you can now employ four people on the National Minimum Wage without paying National Insurance," he said. "It does mean a million businesses will pay the same or less than before... it's essentially a tax cut in April. "Our decisions around tax were to protect the smallest businesses... in order to fund investment in the NHS. "We've protected the smallest employers by putting [the changes] on the largest employers as well as the richest individuals."

Donna Carr says the latest financial year has been "shocking" and expects it to get worse.

Belper cafe owner's concern over business rate relief reduction

Thames Water picks private equity firm as preferred buyer

The firm has been heavily criticised for sewage spills, and is also struggling to fix leaks and modernise outdated infrastructure.

Thames Water, the UK's largest water company, started to look for new investment last year after fears emerged that it could collapse or face nationalisation.

The planned investment by KKR would help it deal with its mountain of debt , and Thames is aiming for the transaction to be completed in the second half of this year.

Thames Water has picked US private equity giant KKR as its "preferred partner" to buy the troubled water utility firm.

Thames Water serves about a quarter of the UK's population, mostly across London and parts of southern England, and employs 8,000 people.

The government has previously said it is ready to take over Thames Water in the event that it cannot continue to operate, but earlier this year the company secured a £3bn rescue loan to avert this possibility.

Regardless of who owns the company, its water services will continue as normal.

Thames said recently that it had received approaches from six firms about taking a stake in the business.

It will now enter the next stage of the investment process with KKR, one of the world's largest private equity firms with $160bn of investments globally. KKR is already a shareholder in another UK water provider, Northumbrian Water.

Thames did not say how much KKR planned to invest, but said the proposal would lead to a "material impairment" for some creditors, meaning a write-off of some of the debt and interest Thames Water owes.

Thames added there was no certainty that a binding proposal would emerge, and it would require regulatory approval.

"The company remains focused on putting Thames Water on a more stable financial foundation, implementing its turnaround plan and delivering a market-led solution that is in the best interests of customers, UK taxpayers and the wider economy," it said.

When Thames was privatised in 1989, it had no debt. But over the years it borrowed heavily and now has debts of about £19bn.

Its debt pile increased sharply when it was owned by Macquarie, an Australian infrastructure bank.

Macquarie has said that it invested billions of pounds in upgrading Thames's water and sewerage infrastructure while it owned the company.

But critics argue that it took billions of pounds out of the company in loans and dividends.

Along with many UK water firms, Thames Water has been in the spotlight for pumping sewage into rivers.

Between 2020 and the end of last year, it discharged at least 72 billion litres of sewage into the Thames.

The troubled water utility firm says KKR could complete the deal in the second half of this year.

Thames Water picks US private equity firm KKR as preferred buyer

Beans on toast soap aims to tackle hygiene poverty

1 hour ago Share Save Gray Gathergood-Dains BBC News Share Save

BBC Mandy Powell said she originally thought the product would be like a breakfast bar

A beans on toast flavoured edible soap has been launched to raise awareness of the choice some families face between buying food and hygiene products. The Goodwash Company, from Barry, and The Hygiene Bank charity have produced the UK's first edible soap as part of a campaign to highlight hygiene poverty and to call for VAT on hygiene products to be cut. Hygiene poverty was found to affect an estimated 4.2 million adults in the UK last year, according to research conducted by YouGov on behalf of The Hygiene Bank. Currently, soap and other essential hygiene products are subject to a 20% VAT rate, treating them as non-essential items.

The Hygiene Bank has started a petition calling for a change in tax around this. The Treasury has been approached for comment. Speaking to BBC Radio Wales, Mandy Powell, CEO and co-founder of skin care brand The Goodwash Company, said she thought she would originally make a breakfast bar with oats and seaweed as a talking point about hygiene poverty. "I went back to them with the idea and they said, no, we want a proper evening meal bar of soap, something like beans on toast or a chicken tikka masala," she said. "So I'm back to the team and I said I think this is going to be a little bit more difficult than I originally thought. But here we are 12 months later and we've got beans on toast soap." The soap is flavoured to taste like beans on toast, and is made out of cacao butter, organic oat flour, avocado oil and paprika as well as beans and toast flavouring.

The Goodwash have created a beans on toast flavoured soap

It is also possible to buy a virtual version of the soap on The Goodwash Company's website for £15, which according to The Hygiene Bank is the average cost of soap over a year. All profits from the sale of the edible soap go directly to The Hygiene Bank. "It is quite fun, but there is a serious message behind it," Ms Powell said. Speaking about the campaign to cut VAT on hygiene products, Ruth Brock, CEO of The Hygiene Bank, said soap was a necessity, "not a luxury". "This campaign is about more than just VAT reform - it's about recognising hygiene as a fundamental right," she added.

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The product highlights the choice some families face between buying hygiene products and eating.

Beans on toast soap: Edible soap aims to highlight hygiene poverty

Plan to raise protection on savings to £110,000

The plan is subject to a consultation, but if adopted the higher limit would apply from 1 December 2025.

If a financial institution fails, the deposit protection scheme means customers can currently claim back the first £85,000 of their savings. That would rise to £110,000 under the new proposal.

The planned increase takes into account inflation since the limit was last set in 2017, the body which supervises UK banks, the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) said.

A proposed change to banking rules will increase significantly the amount of savers' money that is protected when a bank or building society goes under.

Rob Mansfield, independent financial adviser at Rootes Wealth, said uprating the limit in line with inflation was very welcome and "great news for savers and for confidence in our banking system".

Currently, savers are protected to the tune of £85,000 per person, per institution. For a joint account that means protection rises to £170,000.

Savers with more than that to deposit are advised to spread their money between different banks or building societies to ensure it is covered by the compensation scheme, which is operated by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS).

Over the 25 years since its foundation, the FSCS has paid over £20bn to depositors, primarily as a result of the 2008 financial crisis.

Martyn Beauchamp, chief executive of the FSCS, said it was important the limit was reviewed regularly to ensure it stayed "appropriate and relevant".

The proposal is part of a wide-ranging consultation on deposit protection which could also see the limit on "temporary high balance claims" rise from £1m to £1.4m. That covers customers who have large amounts in an account because they are moving house or have received a payout from an insurance policy.

Sam Woods, chief executive of the PRA, said customer confidence in the financial system was "an essential foundation for economic growth".

The government has called on regulatory bodies to revise their strategies to promote economic growth.

Rocio Concha, director of policy and advocacy at the consumer group Which?, described the change as "a sensible decision".

"At a time when the government and regulators are going for growth, this decision is a reminder that strong consumer protections and economic growth go hand in hand."

The amount of savings protected if a bank goes under should rise from the current £85,000, a regulator says.

Plan to raise deposit protection limit to £110,000

UK expects to be affected by Trump tariffs - No 10

Just now Share Save Helen Catt Political correspondent Becky Morton Political reporter Share Save

PA Media Starmer and Trump met at the White House in February

The UK expects to be affected by US tariffs and is not ruling out retaliating, Downing Street has said. The prime minister's official spokesman said talks on an economic deal between the two countries had been "constructive" but were likely to last beyond Wednesday, when President Donald Trump has said new 25% tariffs - or import taxes - on cars and car parts will come into effect. Trump has imposed a series of tariffs targeting goods from other countries, with the UK already hit by 25% taxes on exports of steel and aluminium to the US. Over the weekend he suggested the tariffs would hit all countries, not just those with the biggest trade imbalances with the US.

The UK has been in negotiations with the US in an attempt to secure an exemption. Sir Keir Starmer's spokesman said: "When it comes to tariffs, the prime minister has been clear he will always act in the national interest and we've been preparing for all eventualities ahead of the announcement from President Trump, which we would expect the UK to be impacted by alongside other countries. "We are having constructive discussions on a US-UK economic prosperity deal but we will only do a deal which delivers economic prosperity for the British people and we will only act in the national interest." Pressed on whether the government was hopeful of a deal to avert tariffs being reached by Wednesday, the spokesman said discussions between the UK and the US "will likely continue beyond Wednesday". He said the UK would "take a calm and pragmatic approach" in response to any tariffs, arguing "a trade war with the US is not in anybody's interests". But he added: "We rule nothing out in response." The Liberal Democrats have urged the government to hit back with its own tariffs, as Canada and the European Union have already done. The party's leader Sir Ed Davey said: "Just asking nicely clearly doesn't work with Trump, so we have to stand tall with our allies in Canada and Europe and show that we will not be bullied. "That means being prepared to impose reciprocal tariffs if necessary, including on Elon Musk's Teslas, and urgently negotiating a better trade deal with the EU to show Trump we have alternatives."

Downing Street does not rule out retaliating if new tariffs are imposed on Wednesday.

UK expects to be affected by Trump tariffs, No 10 says

The Swedish city fined for missing an environmental target

5 hours ago Share Save MaryLou Costa Business reporter Share Save

Happy Visuals Goteborg Gothenburg's local authority is seeking to highlight its green credentials

Gothenburg, Sweden's second city, is highlighting its environmental credentials by continuing to put its money on the line. Back in 2022, the City of Gothenburg, became what is believed to be the first local government in the world to take out a "sustainability linked loan" or SLL. This is a form of financing pegged to a set of annual environmental and social improvements agreed between a borrower and its banks. Gothenburg's four target areas are efforts to make renewable energy the sole source of the city's heat production, making the council's own vehicle fleet electric, reducing energy usage in municipality-owned buildings, such as hospitals and schools, and improving the city's poorest neighbourhoods. Meet agreed annual improvement levels in these sectors and, for each, Gothenburg gets a discount on the yearly fee it pays for the loan of 0.1% or around 100,000 kronor ($10,500; £8,000). But miss one of the targets by a certain amount and it has to pay a fine of the same amount.

In 2022 and 2023 Gothenburg managed to avoid a financial penalty, but the newly released figures for 2024 show that it missed its target for switching to renewable energy. And so it is about to be fined 150,000 kroner. However, this is offset by the discounts it is getting for continuing to hit improvement levels for energy usage and social improvement. For electrifying the council's vehicles, while it missed its improvement goal, it didn't do so by enough to be fined. Fredrik Block, portfolio manager at the City of Gothenburg, says that the local authority deliberately set "ambitious" targets. "You aim high, and you get the whole organisation to strive towards that target. We are not proceeding as fast as we expected, but we are taking one step at a time. The goal is still to be close to carbon-free by 2030. "We're actually not doing it for the money. We're doing it to show the city's important work and that we are making progress every year. We want to show to the world how it is - that these are the problems, and these are the good things."

Fredrik Block Fredrik Block says that the city highlighting its environmental work makes it more attractive to other potential investors

The improvements to the city's poorest areas – and whether the council has hit its targets - are measured by yearly resident surveys. People are asked about their feelings towards an area's safety and cleanliness. Key initiatives have included making housing more secure, introducing more surveillance cameras and increasing police presence as a crime prevention measure in areas of the city like Hjallbo and Biskopsgarden. Located in the north of the city, they have high levels of crime and unemployment, and large immigrant populations. Public housing agency Framtiden, which is ultimately owned by the City of Gothenburg, says it takes the improvement work very seriously. "For some of these vulnerable areas, we actually own the majority of the housing," says its research and development manager, Lars Bankvall. "We are more or less the only official body in these areas. There's no one else there, only us. "I see us as maybe the most powerful tool that the city has, because we have a lot of financial resources. We are involved in everything."

But Faduma Awil, a social worker who now provides career coaching at an employment centre in Gothenburg, is concerned that increased cameras and police presence sends the wrong message to youth in Gothenburg's deprived areas - and could see racial profiling increase. "What will our children think when they see cameras everywhere in Hjallbo, but none in a Swedish neighbourhood? How will they feel when they are constantly being watched by police?" she says. "What will you tell them? You are showing them there is a difference between them and native Swedes." Ms Awil is also not convinced the resident surveys are effective or accurate. And she feels the city is placing a disproportionate amount of effort into its environmental goals, at the expense of improving conditions in underprivileged areas. "People in these areas don't care about the environment. They need to go to school. They need to work. They need to eat," says Ms Awil, who migrated from Somalia to Sweden in 1987 as a child.

Jonas Bjorn The city council is trying to improver the poorer parts of Gothenburg, such as Biskopsgarden

Negotiating an SLL is a rigorous, complex process - one that took the City of Gothenburg a year to do, with no fewer than six major Nordic banks involved. Such is the difficulty of acquiring an SLL that the number issued globally fell by 56% in 2023, according to data from financial news provider Bloomberg. Mats Olausson is senior sustainability advisor at Swedish bank SEB, which is the lead lender of Gothenburg's SLL. He says SEB has turned down potential SLL borrowers as the client's proposed targets weren't ambitious enough. Yet he adds that SLLs are challenging for companies or local authorities that successfully get one. "It's sad if a company puts a lot of resources into designing an SLL, and then it turns out that the only publicity they get is negative," he says. "You run the risk of being pulled into the dirt for having not done a good enough job. "It's in no one's interest to have targets that are overly ambitious and basically impossible to achieve, or for companies who don't have the right governance in place to implement the actions that will be the building blocks of the actual strategy."

One company that is happy with its SLL is Danish management consultancy Emagine. It borrowed £10m in 2021, funds that helped it to acquire six other firms around the world. Its binding goals include increasing the number of female leaders in the organisation by 16%, and reducing overall employee turnover by 6% over the seven-year long period. It is doing this through leadership and mentoring programs. By meeting the targets, Emagine is benefiting from reduced interest rates, says Lars Bloch, the company's chief financial officer. "If we didn't meet the goals, we would be landed with interest penalty rates. We also accept that failing to meet sustainability targets could harm the firm's reputation, as we have made a public commitment. "It shouldn't be about committing to the loan to get a discount on financing - there needs to be ambition behind the goals."

Gothenburg has to pay a financial penalty if it misses certain annual sustainability goals.

The Swedish city fined for missing an environmental target

Shares slide in Asia as new Trump tariffs loom

"You'd start with all countries," Trump told reporters on Air Force One. "Essentially all of the countries that we're talking about.

The measures will come on top of tariffs already imposed by Washington on aluminium, steel and vehicles, along with increased levies on all goods from China.

The comments come as he prepares to unveil a massive slate of import taxes on Wednesday, in what he has called America's "Liberation Day".

Stock markets have fallen in Asia after President Donald Trump suggested that new tariffs he is set to announce this week will hit all countries, not just those that have the biggest trade imbalances with the US.

But he said his administration would be "far more generous" and "kinder" than the countries had been to the US.

The president's latest comments came despite last week suggesting he might scale back his tariff plans.

White House economics adviser Kevin Hassett also recently told the Fox Business channel that the tariffs would focus on 10 to 15 countries that have the worst trade deficits with the US, but did not name them.

Trump sees tariffs as a way of protecting the US economy from unfair competition and as a bargaining chip for getting better trading terms for America.

Concerns about a trade war are unsettling markets and creating fears of a recession in the US.

On Monday morning in Asia, Japan's Nikkei 225 benchmark share index was 4% lower, the Hang Seng in Hong Kong was down by 1.6%, and South Korea's Kospi was around 2.5% lower.

Over the weekend Trump's advisers echoed his view that the planned tariffs could raise trillions of dollars and help create jobs in the US.

His top trade adviser, Pete Navarro, pointed to huge revenues he said the tariffs would raise.

The tax on all car imports could raise $100bn (£77.3bn) a year, Mr Navarro said. All the planned tariffs could raise $600bn annually, about a fifth of the value of total goods imports into the US, he added.

A White House fact sheet published last week suggested a 10% tariff on every import could create nearly 3 million US jobs.

All of this raises the stakes for all the countries attempting to strike deals with the US over its trade policies, including the UK.

But other jurisdictions, such as the EU and Canada, have already said that they are preparing a range of retaliatory trade measures.

Separately, Trump said a deal with TikTok's Chinese owner ByteDance to sell the app would be agreed before a deadline on Saturday.

He set the 5 April deadline in January for short video platform to find a non-Chinese buyer or face a ban in the US on national security grounds.

It had been due to take effect that month to comply with a law passed under the Biden administration.

The US president suggested the new import taxes he is set to announce this week will hit all countries.

Trump tariffs: Shares slide in Asia as new US import taxes loom

Benefit changes could be 'life or death' - claimant

2 hours ago Share Save Share Save

BBC Shannon Doulis said her life changed dramatically after she contracted long Covid

Planned cuts to the benefit system could be a matter of life or death for some people, a claimant has said. The government plans to tighten the eligibility criteria for the Personal Independent Payment (Pip), which is paid to about 3.6m people who have a long-term physical or mental health condition. Chancellor Rachel Reeves set out her plans for the UK economy during her Spring Statement on Wednesday. A government spokesperson said all Pip assessments were conducted "rigorously and professionally".

Assessments for the daily living part of Pip will be tightened, which the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) estimates will affect about 800,000 people.

'Guilty until proved innocent'

Shannon Doulis' life changed after she contracted Covid-19 four years ago, later developing chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia as a result of long Covid. The 28-year-old, who lives in Totton, Hampshire, gets £400 a month in Pip to pay for costs that she has incurred as a result of her illnesses. "That £400 a month doesn't sound like much but it's a lifeline for me. It means when I do have to go out, I can pay for a taxi," she said. "We're treated as if we're guilty of fraud until we're proven innocent by being allowed our benefits. "You can't just say: we're not going to pay you, we think you should be working, so [be] better. It doesn't work like that," she said. "I could try [going back to work]. But I know how it's going to end. That is why I lost my last job – because I wasn't well enough, I wasn't reliable enough. "I would have to work a day and then have two weeks to recover and then maybe work another day. No one is going to employ me on that basis."

Sophie Brudenall has claimed Pip for four years

Sophie Brudenall, 24, from Slough, Berkshire, has the eye condition aniridia and has been claiming Pip for her visual impairment and mental health reasons since 2020. The university student said, during the "very difficult" assessments, it was as if the government was trying "to catch you out". "For people with more severe disabilities who are deemed to be not as severe as the government deem they should be [for Pip], it could be life or death," she says. "They might not be able to pay for medication; they might not be able to pay for their accessible technology. Technology is not cheap if you're disabled." A Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) spokesperson said: "We support millions of people through our welfare system every year and it is a priority people receive the benefits they are entitled to as quickly as possible. "All Pip assessments are conducted rigorously and professionally and are independently audited to ensure claimants are receiving the same high-quality service."

Chancellor Rachel Reeves set out plans for changes to welfare in the Spring Statement on Wednesday.

Benefit and Pip changes could be 'life or death'

Which bills are going up in Surrey?

2 hours ago Share Save Jack Fiehn BBC Surrey, political reporter Share Save

BBC Water, energy and council tax bills are among those which are increasing

Many bills will rise from April 1, a month which has been described by some commentators as "awful April". The exact amount people will pay will depend on their individual circumstances. Although minimum wages are also increasing, and wages on average have been outpacing inflation, household finances could still come under extra pressure. But what are some of the costs facing residents in Surrey?

Water Bills

Water bills are going up, but there is a lot of variation depending on the company. Thames Water customers are facing a 31% hike. An annual average bill for 2025-26 is £639, compared to £488 in 2024-25. Affinity Water has said its clean water tariff will go up; for non-metered customers, the price will increase by 29%, and for metered customers, the rise is 19%. For South East Water, it is a 20% increase for an average bill. SES Water has said average customer bills for 2025/26 will go up by 3%.

Council tax

A typical band D home will pay more than £100 compared with last year. Around three quarters of the money will go to Surrey County Council, which has increased its share of the bill by 4.99%. Most of the borough and district councils have made an increase of 2.99%, while the amount that goes to Surrey Police has risen by 4.3%. If you live in an area with a parish or town council that may well mean the bill is higher as well.

Other bills to look out for

Other bills on the rise include gas, electricity, tax for cars registered after April 2017, broadband, phone and TV licences. For example an annual energy bill for a household using a typical amount of gas and electricity is going up by £111 a year to £1,849 from April. This is a typical cost facing people across the country, as well as in Surrey.

Leatherhead Community Hub is one of a number of centres where people can access support in Surrey

What if there is a struggle to pay bills?

Many people will find themselves under greater pressure because of the price increases. Diane from Epsom, who has two children and other caring responsibilities, told BBC Radio Surrey she is dreading 'awful April.' "(I am) not really sure how I'm going to make ends meet," she said. "All I do know is that when my money comes in, the first thing I do is just pay all my bills and whatever is left is what I have to budget to live on." If someone is struggling financially, then local councils, individual water companies and energy suppliers have a range of options to offer some assistance, including debt support programmes, and payment breaks. People can pay their bills in one lump sum or in instalments and there are also discounts in certain circumstances. Meanwhile organisations like Citizens Advice offer to help people navigate the system and flag up different sources of financial support and there are also community hubs, where people can find out about emergency food provision, like food banks, and advice services.

As bills start to rise from April 1, what should residents in Surrey expect in terms of their costs?

Surrey: how will water and other bills increase where you live?

'Food club is our life saver ahead of bill hikes'

2 hours ago Share Save Annabel Tiffin BBC News, Manchester Share Save

BBC Debra Burke said she initially felt embarrassed to use the service

A couple who use a food club to get by have described it as a "life-saver" but said they have concerns about how they will cope after household bills are hiked up in April. Dubbed the "awful April" by some political commentators, next month will see some of the biggest increases to people's finances in the UK, with rises in water, energy, and council tax costs. Debra and Steven Burke, who live in Little Hulton, Salford, are members of The Bread and Butter Thing, a charity which supplies supermarket surplus food at a reduced price. Mrs Burke, 64, has worked her whole life but said they rely on the service so they can afford their utility bills.

"I don't know how we'll manage but this is a life-saver," she said. For £8.50, Mrs Burke said she can collect three bags of food, which means she has more money to "spend on my heating". She admitted she was not keen to use the mobile service at first but, when she witnessed others using it, her "shame and embarrassment" went away. "It's not shameful to need help," she said.

'Increase the struggle'

The Bread and Butter Thing, founded by Mark Game in 2016, is based at St Peter's Church in Salford once a week. Mr Game said low-earning working families are a "growing demographic" of people who are "struggling to get by". He said: "They will hide it from their colleagues and hide it from their kids. "They will start to have smaller portions on their plate, or have fewer showers and try to shield their family from it." And he warned prices rises will only "increase the struggle".

More than seven million United Utilities customers across north-west England will see their water bills jump by an average of £86 for a typical household. The cost of gas and electricity is also going up when the latest energy price cap takes effect. Many will also pay almost 5% more in council tax. David Ogden, 41, is a data analyst and lives with his wife in Little Hulton.

David Ogden said even though he works full time he still encounters struggles

The couple both work full time but they too use the Bread and Butter Thing. "We get by day to day but every month there is some kind of struggle going on," he said. Being able to use the food club is "pretty essential", he says, but admits that at first he felt "sheepish" about using it. "We all know there's a stigma around using things like food banks, but then you see the benefit, and now I don't feel embarrassed, it's a brilliant thing."

A woman who uses a food bank charity to get by says it should not be embarrassing to ask for help.

Salford: 'Food club is our life saver ahead of bill hikes'

'Greedy landlords are cashing in and forcing us out of town'

2 hours ago Share Save George King BBC News, Suffolk Share Save

Getty Images Work to build Sizewell C is expected to create nearly 8,000 jobs

The construction of the Sizewell C nuclear power plant on the Suffolk coast is a key part of the government's growth programme. But some locals fear being forced out, accusing landlords of cashing in on a jobs boom by evicting tenants and raising rents to unaffordable levels. The plant is due to open in 2031, and although a final investment decision has not yet been made, groundwork is already well under way. The construction project will require a predicted workforce of 7,900, of which about two-thirds will be from outside the area. About 2,400 workers will be based on site with 500 others living at the former Pontins holiday park at Pakefield, near Lowestoft. The remaining contractors, however, will have to move into properties in or around the town of Leiston - population 5,508 - where some rents have doubled to more than £3,000 a month.

George King/BBC Leiston renter John Stevens believes landlords are looking to exploit the construction of Sizewell C

The government hopes to ban evictions without a reason as part of its new Renters' Rights Bill, but this will not be in place until summer at the earliest. Until then, John Stevens, who rents in Leiston, believes some landlords will look to move current tenants on in order to make use of East Suffolk Council's Sizewell C housing grants scheme. Aiming to provide an additional 1,200 beds, it offers property owners up to £7,000 if they agree to turn their spare rooms or spaces into suitable accommodation. The council told the BBC it had so far "received significant interest" and expected to "see a significant uptake in awards" over the coming months. Mr Stevens, 72, says: "[The landlords] are thinking, 'Let's evict these people and get the money, plus bigger rents', so why wouldn't landlords take advantage of it?" "But it's ridiculous and it's changing the landscape because different people I know are going through murder because of Sizewell; they are being evicted. "A friend of mine is [being evicted] and she is a single parent and has one kid – where is she going to go now?"

Johnnie Wright/BBC Some homes in Leiston are now being advertised for rent at more than £4,000 per month

Rent hikes have proved particularly controversial in Leiston, traditionally seen as more affordable than the affluent coastal towns of Aldeburgh and Southwold. The current average monthly rent in the town, once a thriving manufacturing centre, is £773, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS). But last month, the BBC found one three-bedroom semi-detached property in Carr Avenue advertised at £3,000 a month, including bills and cleaning costs. Another three-bedroom home was going for £3,100, including bills, while a two-bedroom apartment was being let for £3,045, including bills. Since then, some rents have increased even further, with one three-bedroom house currently being advertised for the "attention of Sizewell workers" at £4,500 per month.

Supplied Leiston renter Daniela Delfino fears what might happen if her landlord decides to sell her flat

Daniela Delfino, 31, returned to Leiston in November 2023 to reconnect with her friends and stepfather. She rents a one-bedroom flat that her landlord, with whom she has a "good relationship", is looking to sell within the next few years. "I really love living here and I don't want to leave, because then I will just be running around like a headless chicken, looking for somewhere affordable," she says. "I did see a one-bedroom flat the other day but it was going for [nearly] three times as much as what I am paying now. The greed that is going around is not fair. "No normal person can afford the current prices in Leiston or Saxmundham. It's not feasible, even if you are working full-time – it's absolutely ridiculous."

Luke Deal/BBC Tina Ashford, a mother of two, has been served with an eviction notice from the home she rents in Sudbourne

Tina Ashford, 53, rents a detached property in the nearby village of Sudbourne with her two children for £1,000 a month. But she has been served a no-fault eviction notice, which her landlord says is unrelated to Sizewell C. He says he simply plans to retire, and reduce his outgoings by selling the property. Nevertheless, it has left Ms Ashford, a single mother who works in holiday lettings and cares for an elderly couple, looking for a new home and worried about what she can afford.

Supplied Ms Ashford is worried about how having to move to a different part of Suffolk could affect her two children

Ms Ashford says: "My whole life depends on me being here, but the greedy prices and extortionate rents are affecting the rest of the market. "I feel very angry and I think what is happening in Leiston is criminal. Landlords are cashing in and the good days are way behind us."

Guy Campbell/BBC Leiston Pantry's Toby Lindsay-White says more people are using the food bank as they struggle to cover the costs of rising rents

According to the ONS, 79.1% of people in East Suffolk aged between 16 and 64 are in paid work. The average weekly wage in the district is £545, equivalent to a £26,705 salary. But Toby Lindsay-White, who runs the Leiston Pantry food bank, is seeing a steady increase in members, and says locals no longer "have the money to live in the area". He says he knows of someone evicted from a four-bedroom bungalow that is being turned into an eight-bedroom home. "It's a bit of a double-edged sword because we have a number of people who have finally secured employment with Sizewell C, so they are now on good pay," he says. "But there has been a larger proportion of people who have had to move out of the area because their rent has increased or they've been served with a notice."

Sizewell C Preparatory work on Sizewell C is already under way, although a final funding decision has yet to be made

Software engineer May Hall, 39, is also concerned. She rents a two-bedroom property in Leiston for £850 a month and has recently been offered a six-month tenancy. "I don't know why they didn't offer me a one-year contract, but I'm hoping if they had wanted to rent it to a contractor for double or more, they'd have done so," she says. "But I am still afraid that 'the market' will trend upward quickly and they will just follow it or change their mind. "So yeah, it feels like Sizewell is the feudal lord of the land here with landlords as vassals and we're at their total mercy. 'Uncertainty' is the word."

Supplied Pub owner Sarah Hartman says Sizewell C workers are one of the reasons she remains in business

However, the employment boom has helped save one struggling village pub. Sarah Hartman, 66, runs The Butchers Arms in Knodishall, offering bed and breakfast, a 10-minute drive from Sizewell. She estimates about 75% of guests are Sizewell workers, bringing in an extra £10,000 a month. "It makes a lot of difference to us and keeps us open because, as just a pub, it is not sustainable. So if it wasn't for Sizewell, we would not survive," she says. "It has done us a brilliant turn and come at just the right time, really. But I don't want to be greedy, so I haven't put the prices up. I just want to keep the place open."

Supplied Tim Day, director of Suffolk Coastal Estate Agents and Sizewell Lettings, says demand for accommodation could soon extend far beyond Leiston

Tim Day, director of Suffolk Coastal Estate Agents and Sizewell Lettings, says much of the current demand is for "a service solution" – a short-term option including bills and cleaning, "not dissimilar to a holiday letting". Although quoted prices may state, for example, £3,000 a month, the tenant may not actually have to stay that long, says Mr Day, 55. "There's not much difference between offering a service solution to Sizewell workers and doing Airbnb. "We're in the accommodation business and we are responding to demand. But when one looks at that headline rate, it might not tell the true story."

Getty Images The new power station will sit alongside the existing Sizewell A, which ceased operation in 2006, and Sizewell B, which will stop generating electricity in 2035

Mr Day believes the demand for accommodation will soon spread far beyond Leiston as workers begin to travel in on park-and-ride buses from Wickham Market or Darsham. "So... the catchment area for accommodation for contractors is going to be absolutely vast, stretching from Lowestoft to Ipswich to Felixstowe. "With time, the reach for properties is going to be huge, and that might well mean that Leiston becomes less relevant."

Guy Campbell/BBC Bosses at Sizewell C say they are working to ensure the construction has no negative impact on locals

Sizewell C, partly funded by EDF, says it will support up to 70,000 jobs and provide energy for about six million homes for 60 years. Those behind the project, in which the government has an 85% stake, previously said they were working "closely with the housing team at East Suffolk Council" to ensure "no negative impacts" on the private housing sector and the local area. They also suggested it was "unlikely" that many workers involved in the project would have to pay the higher rents. David Beavan, independent cabinet member for housing at the council, says the authority is "proactively engaging with landlords to ensure rental prices remain as affordable as possible" and monitoring the number of people presenting as homeless locally. "We have a dedicated team working to mitigate any negative housing impacts from the construction," he adds.

Vikki Irwin/BBC Suffolk Coastal MP Jenny Riddell-Carpenter is concerned about the recent rent increases in Leiston

The housing situation is "concerning", says Suffolk Coastal's Labour MP Jenny Riddell-Carpenter. She says Sizewell C and the council need to work together to ensure that people in Leiston, rather than just private landlords, benefit from the opportunities of the new plant. "I am in touch with Sizewell C, East Suffolk Council and relevant ministers, and will continue to make this point clearly," she says. The BBC contacted four landlords advertising homes for rents of at least £3,000 per month in Leiston, but they either declined to comment or failed to respond. A spokesperson for the National Residential Landlords Association says "fluctuations" in rental prices reflect the increasing costs of providing quality accommodation and the scarcity of available homes. "Landlords' costs have increased significantly, which has unfortunately meant that many landlords have been forced to increase rents to ensure their businesses remain viable," they say. "These financial pressures include hiked interest rates, significant tax increases, and the rising cost of maintenance which has forced many landlords out of the market. "We continue to urge the government to introduce measures which will help stimulate growth across the UK's rental market. "A failure to do so will mean rents remain high and may continue to rise as the shortage of housing becomes more acute due to landlords exiting the market, reducing overall supply."

Some locals say rent hikes prompted by an influx of construction workers are pricing them out.

Landlords 'cashing in' on Sizewell C jobs boom, claim locals

Could getting a gym membership actually save you money in the shower?

All Things Money financial blogger Ola Majekodunmi goes through the numbers - in under a minute.

Produced by Jamie Moreland and the Video Formats team.

We investigate if getting a gym membership could actually save you money in the shower.

Shower at home vs at the gym: What’s cheaper?

Businesses in Lincoln have shared their views on consumers increasingly shunning cash in favour of card payments.

One owner says she had no choice but to offer card payments, despite the associated charges, as the lack of local banks has made it difficult to access cash.

But another is bucking the trend, preferring cash to keep costs down.

Will there still be a place for hard currency in the future? Not according to one shopper, who says: "Once it goes, it's never coming back."

Follow BBC East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire on Facebook, external, Twitter, external, and Instagram, external. Send your story ideas to yorkslincs.news@bbc.co.uk, external.

Traders in Lincoln have been sharing their experiences as customers increasingly opt to pay by card.

Cashless society: Lincoln firms have their say on cards replacing cash

The envelope budgeting method is making a comeback. Our North America business correspondent Michelle Fleury has four tips for making it work - in a minute.

Video by James Cooke and the Video Formats team

The envelope budgeting method is making a comeback. Here's what you need to know.

Make the most of cash stuffing

The prime minister said the International Monetary Fund (IMF) had strongly "endorsed our plan to halve inflation".

Rishi Sunak was responding to the claim from Plaid's Liz Saville Roberts he was pushing families into poverty while letting corporate profits pile up, with "corporate greed" fuelling inflation.

Sunak and Starmer clash on house building targets at PMQs

The PM says the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has strongly "endorsed our plan to halve inflation".

PMQs: Sunak pushing families into poverty, says Plaid's Saville Roberts

'No fuss, no surprises': Shoppers defend supermarket cafes amid closures

5 hours ago Share Save Grace Dean BBC News Share Save

BBC Philomena says she's "furious" about the closure of the Morrisons cafe in Queensbury

It's Friday lunchtime at a Morrisons in Queensbury, north-west London, and the in-store cafe is busy. At one table, a teenager tucks into a ham sandwich while on the phone with a friend. She stays for well over half an hour. At another, an elderly couple chat over a hot meal, while a queue of customers steadily forms at the till. But this is one of 52 cafes set to close - including others in London, Leeds, Portsmouth and Glasgow - announced this week in a cost-cutting drive that the supermarket chain says is designed to "renew and reinvigorate Morrisons" and focus "investment into the areas that customers really value". That came two months after Sainsbury's said it was closing all 61 of its supermarket cafes. While some see the decline of supermarket cafes as inevitable, shoppers around the country have told BBC News that these cafes give them a cheap, convenient and welcoming place to get a warm meal while catching up with friends.

'Share a meal without the stress of cooking'

Regulars at the Morrisons cafe in Queensbury say they're surprised - and saddened - to hear it's closing. Philomena Hughes, 76, is having a meal with two friends, having just been shopping. The trio have bumped into a couple they know at the cafe, who move over to the table next to them and join in their conversation. Philomena says she's "furious" about the closure. "Morrisons was really the only place I would come," she says. "We meet people we know in here." Other regulars at the cafe tell the BBC that the quality is good, prices are low, and it's convenient to grab groceries beforehand. They point to offers such as a free kids meal with an adult's one, free parking, and fish and chips with mushy peas for £8.50. Morrisons says 344 of its cafes will remain open despite the planned closures but, according to its chief executive Rami Baitiéh, "a minority have specific local challenges and in those locations, regrettably, closure and re-allocation of the space is the only sensible option". Elsewhere in the country, Ben Hopkins, 32, feels his local Morrisons cafe in Meltham, West Yorkshire, is bustling every time he goes because "the food is typical of that you'd get in a traditional greasy spoon". Such outlets can come in handy for parents, too. Lisa Clavering, from St Albans, says she relied on Asda and Morrisons cafes for a "quick and cheap hot lunch" when her two sons were younger. "As they grew, it was somewhere we could go together and share a meal without the stress of cooking it and cleaning up, where I didn't feel judged by other customers if they made a noise," the 42-year-old says.

Lisa Clavering Lisa Clavering, 42, says she relied on supermarket cafes for a "quick and cheap hot lunch" when her two sons were younger

Lisa says part of the appeal of supermarket cafes is that they feel accessible - a "warm and welcoming place with no fuss and no surprises". "I do worry that once they go, there's not really a like-for-like to replace them, and other alternatives are typically much more expensive," Lisa says.

'Should come as no surprise'

But other people question the need for supermarket cafes, pointing to changes in people's shopping habits and the growing competition from high-street coffee chains. The closure of Morrisons cafes "should come as no surprise," retail analyst Natalie Berg tells the BBC. "The grocers are desperately trying to navigate significant cost headwinds, while simultaneously competing with discounters like Aldi and Lidl. "This is a low-margin industry, so supermarkets need to be utterly ruthless when it comes to cost-cutting." When shoppers come into larger supermarkets, they "want low prices and they want a frictionless experience. In-store cafes work in certain locations, but they're simply not essential for most stores," Ms Berg says. It largely echoes the reasoning Sainsbury's has given for its closures - that "the majority of [its] most loyal shoppers do not use the cafes regularly". Ben Tinca, 19, a student living near the Morrisons store in Queensbury, says he usually meets his friends at fast-food chains like Nando's, KFC and McDonald's. He's only ever been to a Morrisons cafe once. "You usually only see older people eating there," he says.

Ben Tinca says he usually meets his friends at fast-food chains, not supermarket cafes

And back at the Queensbury store, Snehal Khimani doesn't think people care too much about supermarket cafes closing, saying there has been no "outrage". "If it was popular, you'd hear about it," like when Pret A Manger changed its subscription service, he says. And besides, rival supermarket chains Tesco and Marks & Spencer - which have more than 300 cafes each - haven't said anything about closing their cafes. M&S tells the BBC that it's continuing to invest in its cafes and plans to have coffee shops in the majority of its bigger stores. Last year, it announced it would try offering more takeaway food and drink to attract younger customers. At an M&S Cafe in central London that the BBC visited, Matthew Wilsher has just got a cappuccino to go. For the 62-year-old, the numbers don't lie. His coffee cost £3.40, and would have been less if he'd remembered his reusable cup. For him, "that's cheaper than a Pret or a Starbucks," he says.

Morrisons and Sainsbury's have announced a raft of cafe closures - but some customers insist they should stay open.

Why are Morrisons and Sainsbury's cafes closing?

If you're worried about your mortgage rate, then there are things you can do. Watch the BBC business reporter Lora Jones tell you, in a minute.

Video by Sam Everett and the Video Formats team

Watch the BBC's Lora Jones tell you five things you can do about your mortgage, in a minute.

Interest rate and mortgages: What you can do about rising payments

The Labour leader asked Rishi Sunak about Tory MP George Freeman who left his ministerial job as he could not afford his mortgage.

Sir Keir Starmer joked that "nobody could be failed to be moved" by the plight of the Norfolk MP struggling with mortgage payments.

The PM claimed the Labour frontbench was "confused" over tax cuts, while more people were applying for mortgages.

Starmer and Sunak clash on mortgages and cost of living at PMQs

The Labour leader asks Rishi Sunak about Tory MP George Freeman who left his ministerial job as he could not afford his mortgage.

Starmer mocks PM over ex-minister struggling with mortgage

People in Gravesend, Kent, share stories about their finances and what they are hoping for from Chancellor Jeremy Hunt in Wednesday's Budget.

Would you share yours?

Video by Video Formats team and Yetunde Yusuf

Read more: 'I earn £1,600 a month and two-thirds goes on bills'

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Watch: 'My biggest financial regret is...'

The US firms backing Trump's fight over trade

13 hours ago Share Save Natalie Sherman BBC News Share Save

BBC

Head to the grocery store in the US and the shelves are stocked with jars of St Dalfour strawberry spread and Bonne Maman raspberry preserves - some of the more than $200 million (£154m) in jams that Europe sends to America each year. But try looking for American-made jelly in Europe, and you're likely to come up short. The US exports less than $300,000 (£231,000) in jam each year to the bloc. It's an imbalance that US company JM Smucker, one of the biggest sellers of such products in America, blames on a 24%-plus import tax its fruit spreads face in the EU. "The miniscule value of US exports to the European Union is entirely attributable to the high EU tariff," the company wrote in a letter to the White House this month, asking the Trump administration to address the issue as it prepares to levy "reciprocal" tariffs on America's biggest trading partners. "Reciprocal US tariffs on EU jams and jellies would serve to level the playing field," the company said, noting that the highest US jam tariff is currently just 4.5%.

Globally, Trump's push to deploy tariffs against close trading partners - many of which have average tariff levels similar to America's - has generated anger and bafflement, while drawing warnings from economists about higher prices and other potential economic pain. Some businesses in the US have echoed those concerns, but Trump's calls for tariffs are also channelling longstanding frustrations many firms feel about foreign competition and policies they face abroad. Smucker's letter was one of hundreds submitted to the White House, seeking to influence the next set of tariffs, expected to be unveiled on 2 April.

Apple farmers raised the big disparity in import duties their fruit faces in countries such as India (50%), Thailand (40%) and Brazil (10%), as well as sanitary rules in countries such as Australia they said unfairly block their exports. Streaming businesses flagged digital taxes in Canada and Turkey that they said "unfairly target and discriminate" against US companies. The oil and natural gas lobby criticised regulations in Mexico that require partnership with the state-owned oil company and other policies. The White House itself spotlighted uneven ethanol tariffs in Brazil (18%, compared with 2.5% in the US), car tariffs in Europe (10%, compared with 2.5% in the US) and motorcycles in India (until a few years ago, 100% vs 2.4% in the US).

Trump has suggested that his plan for reciprocal tariffs will help remedy such grievances, pumping up his announcement as "Liberation Day". But even the businesses seeking action on their own issues have expressed hesitation about the president's tariff-first, ask-questions-later strategy, which risks retaliation and a wider trade war. With 2 April looming, there remains widespread uncertainty about the goals and scope of White House plans, especially as Trump launches a broadside of other duties. "We're going to be nice," he said this week, at the same time as he announced potentially devastating tariffs on foreign cars and car parts. "I think people will be pleasantly surprised."

India has already said it would lower its tariffs on motorcycles - an apparent bet that Trump's tariffs are a strategy designed to gain leverage for trade talks. But analysts warned that those hoping that Trump plans to use his reciprocal tariffs to negotiate changes elsewhere may be disappointed, as the president has also indicated he could be satisfied by simply hitting back. "Some days it's about revenge and just equalising things and other days it's about lowering tariffs and then other days, third days, it's about bringing manufacturing to the United States," said William Reinsch, senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington thinktank. "He's used them all at different times - there's not a single thread here that you can rely on."

Getty Images Trump displaying his car tariffs order in the White House on Wednesday

The mismatch between the blunt tool of tariffs and the more niche issues firms want the White House to champion has led to a delicate dance, as businesses suggest tariffs in their own interest, while also hoping to avoid the repercussions of the kind of sweeping duties that Trump has suggested might be on the table. For example, steel manufacturer NorthStar BlueScope Steel, which employs 700 people in the US melting steel from recycled metal, urged Trump to expand tariffs on steel and aluminium to parts. At the same time, however, it asked for an exemption for the raw materials it needs, such as scrap metal. Likewise, the lobby group for JM Smucker and other big food manufacturers, the Consumer Brands Association, warned against "overly broad and sweeping tariffs" that might end up making it more expensive for its members to import ingredients like cocoa, which are not made in the US. "I don't necessarily want the current administration to say, well, we'll impose a tariff," Tom Madrecki, the group's vice president of supply chain resiliency, said at a recent forum about tariffs, hosted by Farmers for Free Trade. "It's this careful balance between yes, I want you to take an America First trade policy and action to counter unfair trade policies abroad ... but maybe not quite in that way."

Wilbur Ross, who served as Trump's commerce secretary in his first term, said he thought business worries would dissipate as Trump's plans become clear, calling 2 April a "big step". But he noted that the president saw little downside to using tariffs, viewing them as either a source of new revenue, or a way to reduce imports and encourage more manufacturing. "He's very committed," he said. "People should have known that something like this was coming because he's been talking about it for many, many years."

Businesses think Trump is right about unfair trade. But are the US President's reciprocal tariffs the answer?

Trump tariffs: The US firms welcoming the fight on trade

With water bills set to rocket over the next five years customers may be looking to tighten their belts.

Prices are set to go up by about £130, so BBC Wales' money editor, Felicity Evans, has given her top tips for cutting bills.

She suggested checking to see if you can move onto a social tariff, getting a water meter and flushing the loo less often.

“If it’s yellow let it mellow, if it’s brown, flush it down,” she said.

With water bills set to rise, BBC Wales' Felicity Evans gives her tips for cutting bills.

Water bills: How can you save money on charges?

Energy firms will be forced to offer customers tariffs with no standing charges, under a proposed shake-up of bills by regulator Ofgem.

Currently, all households pay the fixed daily charges in addition to their usage fees, but there have been repeated calls for the fees to be scrapped.

Instead, Ofgem is planning to give people more payment options, offering one price-capped tariff that includes the standing charge and another that loads these costs on energy usage charges.

But will it save billpayers any money? BBC Wales reporter Terel Edmunds has the details.

Video filmed and edited by Erin Lister

Energy firms will be forced to offer tariffs with no standing charges, under a proposal by Ofgem.

Energy tariffs: Could your bills be about to drop?

Before July's general election, Labour said it would toughen existing Tory plans to abolish non-dom tax status.

In March 2024, the-then Conservative Chancellor Jeremy Hunt had announced that the non-dom tax regime would be phased out.

Under Mr Hunt's plans, people who moved to the UK from April 2025 would not have to pay tax on money they earned overseas for the first four years.

After that period, if they continued to live in the UK, they would pay the same tax as everyone else.

Existing nom-doms would be allowed a two-year transition period, during which they would be encouraged to bring their foreign wealth into the UK system.

The former chancellor said getting rid of the non-dom rules would raise £2.7bn a year by 2028-29.

Labour's October 2024 Budget confirmed that non-dom status will be abolished from April 2025. It will be replaced it with a residence-based regime, which will also bring foreign earnings into the UK inheritance tax system.

At the time, Labour said it would extend the transition period for people to bring money onshore from two years to three.

Speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos in January, Rachel Reeves said she would "tweak" the transition period further to make it more attractive.

A recent report from global analytics firm New World Wealth and investment migration advisers Henley & Partners, external said that more than 10,000 millionaires left the UK in 2024, a 157% increase on the previous year. It said the non-dom rule changes were partly responsible.

Announcing her decision to tweak the transition period, Reeves said: "We have been listening to the concerns that have been raised by the non-dom community."

The government still expects the package of measures to raise £12.7bn over the next five years.

The non-domicile rules let some UK residents limit the tax they pay on earnings outside the country.

What does non-dom mean and how are the rules changing?

New community fridge aims to reduce food waste

The community fridge is the first one to come to Derby

A "community fridge" which aims to offer a foodbank-style service to reduce food waste has opened in Derby.

Thrivemind Village in Iron Gate has partnered with a number of organisations and is urging people to donate extra items so they do not end up in landfill.

The organisation also wants to reduce the stigma of people coming to collect food.

Simon Jones, director of Thrivemind Village, said: "In the UK, we're wasting tonnes and tonnes of food each year so this is great way to put that food to good use."

People are being urged to drop off their unwanted fruit and vegetables instead of throwing it away.

New community fridge aims to reduce food waste in Derby

Food waste charity expands services

A food waste charity is expanding its "pay-as-you-can basis" meal services to cover an extra day per week.

Waste into Wellbeing, which repurposes surplus food in Kendal, Cumbria, will now host a cafe session on Tuesdays alongside its community food larder on Thursdays and Saturdays.

Westmorland and Furness Council said every single item of food that was repurposed by the group, based at the Eddington CIC, would otherwise go to landfill.

Alison Quigley, from Waste into Wellbeing, said food poverty was "quite high in Kendal" so the larder was "open to everyone, supporting us to reduce food waste while ensuring access to a healthy diet".

Kendal's Waste into Wellbeing is hosting an extra session on Tuesdays from April.

Kendal food waste charity expands services

The tariff wars have begun - buckle up

6 February 2025 Share Save Faisal Islam • @faisalislam Economics editor Share Save

BBC

Don't mess with Canada - that's the private message to the US from the very top of Ottawa's political system. Just like nearly a century ago with the infamous American Smoot-Hawley tariffs, Canada got its retaliation in to Donald Trump's import taxes very quickly. While the White House is claiming Canada's pledge to spend $1.3bn (£1bn) on a border protection plan has given it diplomatic victory in its battle over fentanyl traffic, there was very little conceded that was not already planned by America's northern neighbour. Crucially, both Mexico and Canada were undeterred by a clear threat in Trump's executive orders that any retaliation would lead to higher tariffs on imports into the US. After consulting each other, Canada and Mexico instead both negotiated a month's pause with Trump. The returning US president likes making threats of tariffs on most days, and in many directions.

Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images The US claimed diplomatic victory after Canada agreed to a border protection plan to tackle the cross border trade in fentanyl

Since his inauguration, these have also been directed at Denmark, Colombia, China, Taiwan, the European Union as well as all of the Brics countries which include Brazil, Russia and India. The rationale for his tariffs keeps changing and much about this situation defies logical explanation. So, Mexico, Canada and every other country facing tariffs or the threat of them have to decipher what Trump is really playing at. And when they've done that, the question for the whole world is whether what we are seeing is an attempt by the US president to rewrite the entire global monetary system - and at what risk to America?

The contradictions

Trump has claimed that fentanyl trafficking was the legal pretext for tariffs, allowing him to bypass Congress and use emergency powers to impose border taxes on Canada, Mexico and China, by declaring an "unusual or extraordinary threat".

Getty Images Canada were undeterred by a clear threat in Trump's executive orders that any retaliation would lead to higher tariffs on imports into the US

But while talking about the fentanyl trade, he also referred to Canada's goods trade surplus with the US (which means Canada sells more to the US than it imports), and introduced the idea that Canada should become the "51st state" of America. While any country might demand talks about both illicit and legal trade flows, it is difficult to see how to handle these conversations when there is a parallel threat of continental annexation of a free trade ally which is also part of Nato and one of the Group of Seven (G7) most advanced economies in the world.

A disputed surplus

Europe, meanwhile, seems unwilling to stir the pot as it attempts to work out the president's precise motivations and how this feeds itself into what he decides over Transatlantic tariffs. Trump's long-standing animus with the EU comes from the bloc's substantial goods trade surplus with the US, arising from areas such as high-end German car exports. Underlying all of this is a perceived unfairness that other markets are more restrictive against America such as when it comes to the prices paid for US drugs or fines placed on US tech companies. But if this really is about trade deficits, it is something of a mystery as to why Trump has not yet announced tariffs against the likes of Vietnam, Japan and South Korea - who have far bigger surpluses with the US. In any case, for Trump to focus solely on goods means that he is willingly ignoring the US's great export - services.

I put this precise point to the EU Trade Commissioner Maros Sefcovic last month. He told me: "Sure, we have a trade surplus in goods, but the US has a trade surplus in services. "And on top of it, every year, €300bn (£249bn) is flowing across the Atlantic into the American companies from our pension funds, from the saving accounts of the European citizens because they're investing in the US. So I think that it's a pretty balanced relationship." As it happens, the UK trade position with the US is more balanced, a point made to me by the Trade Secretary Jonathan Reynolds. In fact, on some measures, the US has a surplus with Britain. Amid the fog of Trump's true intentions, European negotiators have resorted to stressing co-operation, partnership and deals with the US and studiously avoided directly criticising even the extraordinary suggestion of using tariffs against Nato-ally Denmark over the fate of Greenland.

A negotiating tool

In November 2024, Stephen Miran, before becoming President Trump's White House chief economics advisor, authored a paper laying out further questions that could determine how much more the US should tariff specific countries. These ranged from an assessment of whether a country applies similar tariffs to the US, suppresses its currency, respects US intellectual property, pays its Nato obligations, votes against the US at the United Nations or its "leaders grandstand against the US in the international theatre". It also talked of forcing other nations "to choose between facing a tariff on their exports to the American consumer or applying tariffs to their imports from China", asking: "Which will they choose?"

Getty Images Chinese president Xi Jinping saw Donald Trump impose tariffs on China during his first term as president. Now more are threatened

The president himself was pretty clear in his video address to a stunned World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland in January. "Your choice," he said to the assembled international executives. Build your goods in American factories with tax incentives, or import into the US from foreign factories and pay tariffs that would raise "hundreds of billions of dollars and even trillions of dollars" for the US Treasury. "Most of the world has come to understand that Trump does use tariffs as a negotiating tool," Stephen Moore, a former Trump economic advisor who recently visited the president, told me.

Across the board

It may be that a part of Trump's logic is very simple: remodel the US tax system so that everything coming into the country attracts a levy but, in return, the public sees income tax rates slashed. "By the way, I do think at the end of the day, there will be an across-the-board tariff imposed by Trump," says Mr Moore. "He's talked about this, that if you're bringing something into the United States whether it's from Britain, whether it's Mexico, Canada, China, Europe, you're going to pay a little bit more but if something is made in the United States, he's going to lower the tax. And to a lot of Americans, that's a very attractive proposition." Mr Moore has suggested a 15% universal tariff on all imports from everywhere in order to fund a cut in income tax rates down to 15%.

A fundamental change

Mr Miran's paper also contains a proposal that led to jaws dropping in global central banks and finance ministries: bring down the value of the dollar in order to boost US industry and exports. Arranging this would mean a fundamental change to the way the global monetary system operates. But Mr Miran suggests that punitive tariffs could be used as leverage to make reluctant trading partners like Europe and China "become more receptive" to the idea.

Getty Images Stephen Miran's paper suggests that punitive tariffs could be used as leverage to make reluctant trading partners like Europe and China 'become more receptive'

He suggests that in time there could be a summit of the world's economic powers, where allies and rivals thrash out the revaluation of the dollar, perhaps at the president's Florida residence. It could be known as the Mar-a-Lago Accord. Early discussions of the idea in international forums have been highly sceptical, recalling the history of similar attempts to manage global currency values. But it is the recently published concept of the top White House economic advisor. Tariff now, tariff hard and tariff everywhere in order to, in the future, get the world to help bring down the value of the dollar.

Show strength

Such a radical idea comes with risk and already simply with the tariffs, there is a danger for the White House that the US overplays its hand. Mark Carney, who is frontrunner to replace Justin Trudeau as Canadian Liberal Party leader, and as Prime Minister, at least until an election, has a rather unique approach. The former governor of both the Bank of England and the Bank of Canada decided to come out punching, ridiculing the fentanyl rationale and telling the BBC that Canada would retaliate "dollar for dollar" and that Canadians would "stand up to a bully".

Getty Images Mark Carney is frontrunner to replace Justin Trudeau as Canadian Liberal Party leader

He said that the tariff move would rebound on the US economy itself by fuelling inflation, forcing the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates and crippling the ability of the US to sign trade deals, given they would have effectively ripped up their biggest - the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) - just a few years after the president had personally renegotiated it. Mr Carney then publicly suggested that Canada removes a subsidy from exports to the US of its oil, and stressed that Canada's green investments might need to be protected from US carbon emissions. For those countries like the UK trying to avoid tariffs, he had a simple message: "Good luck". The clear sense was that from his own experience of having dealt with Trump at the G20, the way to deal with him was to show strength.

The risk of retaliation

This is partly a calculation that the muted opposition to these policies within the US will not be sustained. Again, the harder, more strategic and more coordinated the retaliation, the more pause for thought it will give big US corporates and some in the competing courts around the President. Elon Musk, the normally prolific social media poster on his X platform and chief executive of electric vehicle-maker Tesla, was curiously largely quiet about the single biggest move from the president. He eventually reposted the news from the Mexican president that their tariffs had been delayed.

Getty Images After consulting with each other, Canada and Mexico each negotiated a month's pause with Trump

A leading US tech chief executive told me that his company was already making plans, assuming they would be on the receiving end of retaliatory tariffs. His hope was that Trump's focus on the rising value of the US stock market would create a natural restraint against excessive tariffs. Some saw the modest fall on the Dow Jones index on Monday as contributing to this week's pauses. Retaliation is standard procedure in trade wars. Indeed in the most famous of them all, when US Republicans passed the calamitous 1930s Smoot-Hawley tariffs, Canada was the first to hit back, doing so before the US had even finished legislating. History points to Henry Ford being one of those begging Herbert Hoover to veto the Smoot-Hawley tariffs in 1930.

An integrated industry

And, in 2025, the car industry is one obvious potential tariff loser. "It's true to say that there is no such thing as a Canadian auto industry, an American auto industry and a Mexican auto industry," says Peter Frise, a professor of mechanical and automotive engineering at the University of Windsor. "There are Canadian, American, and Mexican components of a North American auto industry and the integration among the three countries is absolutely foundational to how the industry works."

Getty Images Mexico, Canada and every other country facing tariffs or the threat of them have to decipher what Trump is really playing at

Not only are models like the Honda Civic, which is hugely popular in the US, manufactured in Canada - Prof Frise says "very few" cars assembled in the US will not contain some parts that come from across the border. And so, says he adds, tariffs "would drive up costs for everyone" - US consumers included.

Others diversify

Another risk for Trump is that as Mr Carney and Mr Sefcovic said, they are all now responding to the direction of US trade policy by diversifying with one another. The EU is busy doing trade deals with Latin America. "There is huge demand in the outside world for free and fair trade relationships," says Mr Sefcovic. The UK has also restarted trade negotiations with India and the Gulf countries. Reynolds says that the "challenging international position" means the UK has to push its "genuine competitive advantage" as the "most connected market in the world" with the US, the EU and China.

An extensive and surprising tariff war

The other issue here is that if the direction of travel is a universal tariff, as Trump and his advisors keep suggesting, is there much incentive to try to avoid it? There is some startling thinking circulating in Trumponomics circles. It is talk of that revenue grab of trillions of dollars that is spooking even allies who think they might escape the tariffs.

Getty Images On some measures, the US has a surplus with Britain

It sounds like a wild economic gamble. But such talk is relative, at a time when the US president is putting tariffs on his closest economic G7 and Nato partner over fentanyl, while simultaneously claiming it should become part of the US. It could be an extensive and surprising tariff war. This week's trade dramas are just early skirmishes. Top picture credit: Getty Images

The UK will still be hit even if not directly targeted by Trump's tariff measures.

Faisal Islam: The tariff wars have begun

The debate: Do Trump's tariffs mean the end of the post-war free trade world?

11 February 2025 Share Save Dharshini David Chief Economics Correspondent Share Save

BBC

President Trump's sweeping set of tariffs is intended, in part, to protect American industries, raise money and - as we've seen - be used as a bargaining chip. The Republican has already imposed tariffs on imports from China, announced plans for a 25% duty on all steel and aluminium imports, and threatened to place 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico. We don't yet know how far he will go, but if what is already on the table comes to pass then it would raise average tariffs to their highest since the 1940s, signalling a new chapter for global trade. Since the end of World War Two in 1945, tariffs have been broadly viewed as leading to higher consumer prices, less choice and – amidst the inevitable retaliation - backfiring on the industries they were meant to protect. But are we turning our backs on this era? I hosted a debate with two economic experts in trade policy to unpick the implications of Trump's policies on America and the world, and explore differing views on who among us might be the biggest winners or losers.

Meet the participants

Meredith Crowley is Professor of Economics at the University of Cambridge. She believes tariffs could lead to a much heavier economic burden on the lowest income people. Jeff Ferry is Chief Economist Emeritus at the Coalition for A Prosperous America. He believes tariffs can trigger growth and rebuild the US manufacturing industry.

Trump's ambitions

Dharshini David (DD): President Trump described tariffs as "the most beautiful word in the dictionary" - which is really intriguing. What's the attraction for him? Jeff Ferry (JF): I think Trump has made it pretty clear that he thinks tariffs are a 'beautiful' thing for several reasons. Firstly, because they can revive and rebuild the US manufacturing industry. He also sees the US is running a huge trade deficit. In 2024, we had a record goods trade deficit of $1.2 trillion which means the rest of the world, and particularly trade surplus countries, is generating large amounts of revenue by selling to the US market. This gives the US a powerful negotiating tool and we've seen him use that, regarding drugs and immigration with Canada and Mexico in the last few days. Meredith Crowley (MC): My presumption is that what is really concerning Trump is the decline in manufacturing jobs within the United States over the last 40 years. He observed that lots of jobs that used to exist in the US have migrated to other lower wage countries like Mexico and China and I think his hope would be that by imposing tariffs he could stimulate the creation of jobs.

Retaliation

DD: We know countries are thinking of retaliatory measures as well. To what extent will these measures impact Trump's economic goals?

Getty Images Donald Trump has already imposed tariffs on imports from China

JF: There is no doubt that a tariff policy, coupled with an investment and growth strategy policy and a national security policy, will grow the US economy and do a better job of delivering productivity growth than we've seen in the last 25 years, which frankly have been abysmal by traditional US standards. Five hundred years of history shows that the economics profession, in its obsession with short term equilibrium, has done a disservice to not just American workers and the American people, but actually, to British people and British workers - and workers in many countries.

DD: In the post-war era, we saw the tearing down of trade barriers and the idea that globalisation was good. Are we now seeing a backlash against this? JF: We are seeing a historic shift away from the post WW2 consensus, which stemmed from the period when America was way ahead of the rest of the world - and America was very worried about the Communist threat. So what you call 'free trade,' and I would call the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate consensus, was designed for America to support and even subsidise the growth of European economies and other economies. We've now moved to a new stage where it's well known the US economy started to falter in the 1970s, and China has risen to become the world's number one manufacturing power basically through exploiting all the rules in the system. We need a new system. MC: I have a different diagnosis of what happened in recent history. Over the past 40 years, it's clear more protection is very popular. Between 1981 and 1994, the US restricted imports of automobiles from Japan and that ultimately had two consequences. One, it raised the price of automobiles for Americans. Two, in the long run, it led to investment by Japanese manufacturers in the US, and today, the US has a vibrant automobile industry. You could support US industry much more directly by having direct government support.

Trump has now created uncertainty that Canadian manufacturers will have access to the US market in the future. And because Trump made good on his threats in 2018 to impose tariffs on China, major corporations might be revising plans to expand operations in Canada or Mexico to serve the US market. There will be a pullback on real economic activity in those trading partners.

Higher prices

DD: Meredith, Trump has acknowledged there may be 'a little pain' for Americans in the short term because as you mentioned, tariffs tend to mean higher prices. MC: A study on what happened in round one of Trump's tariffs on China in 2018 showed, in the first two years, that most of the cost increase was absorbed by importers and distributors and it didn't get passed on to consumers. The price increases though, tend to come more gradually. Once you realise the tariff is in place permanently, the manufacturer realises everyone's going to have to pay it and they gradually raise their prices.

One of the concerns economists have is people who buy a lot of goods rather than services tend to be lower income people. So when you put a tariff on things like kids' trainers, backpacks and clothing, these kinds of consumer items, you're really placing a much heavier tax burden on the lowest income people in the country, rather than somebody who's spending their money on vacations and private education for children.

Trade war

DD: Jeff, are you concerned about a global trade war that could backfire on Trump's aims? JF: We have been in a trade war since 2001, since China entered the world trading community. The trade war is long-standing. Now America is taking action and a lot of people are throwing up their hands, not because they are concerned about a trade war, but because they're concerned they might lose a valuable market for their own products. But I want to go back to consumer prices. People focus purely on the negative. The purpose of the tariff is to stimulate domestic industry, so on the positive side, you create brand new investments in domestic industry. On the negative side you get a price increase. So it depends critically on the numbers in both cases.

What we know from round one of Trump's tariffs, between 2018 and 2019, is the price of tariff goods went up, such as steel, but companies committed to building new factories like steel mills which have hired several hundreds of people - great blue collar jobs for people who generally speaking do not have a college degree. The current phase of globalisation which began around 1990 was just a huge mistake. The idea that the US could compete with Mexico on salaries, particularly to manufacturing workers, was just crazy. DD: Lets get Meredith's view on this. Would you agree that for higher wage economies, frankly, globalisation has not been a great idea since the 1990s? MC: I understand Jeff's point, that the only concern of the president should be the wellbeing of Americans. But, between 1990 and 2023, the number of people around the world living in extreme poverty on less than $2.15 (£1.75) a day fell from two billion to around 700 million. Over a billion people exiting poverty because of increasing globalisation is an astounding achievement of humanity.

It is completely clear to everyone that within American society the benefits of globalisation have not been equal and so there is a real need within the US to think about how do we improve the wellbeing of less skilled people, and how do we get jobs into the economy to help them. Where I differ with Trump is I think there are more effective tools. You need an industrial policy or subsidies to production. American productivity is so high because we are constantly investing in labour saving technology but the consequence is that the less skilled have been left behind and their lives are materially worse than they were thirty years ago. JF: I agree one hundred percent with Meredith.

Equality

DD: This is fascinating. If we see the kind of trade barriers that Trump wants to put in place, what does that mean for this issue of equality? MC: Once you start putting barriers between countries you create a lot of opportunity for what in the economics world we call monopoly profits. Once you limit entry, the existing producers get to jack up their prices and exploit consumers. If the US goes into a trade war with China, what's going to happen to imports from countries the US isn't interested in having a trade war with? If the US and China deepen their trade war, this could affect the supply chain participation of sub-Saharan African countries with the US and China, meaning it is going to be one of the areas of the world that bears some of the brunt of this trade war. So the spillover effects could be very, very negative. DD: Jeff, is this a price worth paying? What kind of impact could we see on growth? JF: I don't think of it as a price worth paying, I think of it as an evolution of the world system where hopefully we'll get higher growth everywhere. And this is where I differ with the mainstream economics view which focuses far too much on trade and on minor productivity gains.

Getty Images Donald Trump delayed the start of tariffs on Mexico and Canada for 30 days

The world has grown through the success of industries. The US prosperity from 1900 to 1970 was due largely to the automobile industry. What you saw was huge productivity gains as Henry Ford and all his successors invented and developed mass production. You saw wage increases and spending increases and we had the most prosperous economy in the world. So what we need is industrial growth and when you look at a national security framework, we cannot be dependent on China for as many goods as we are today. We are far too dependent on China here in the United States, Europe is far too dependent on China. So what's the resolution? Well the resolution is pretty obvious - we need to make certain goods here in the US. Produced by: Rosemary McCabe, Rhoda Buchanan and Harriet Whitehead Top picture credit: Getty Images This transcript has been edited for clarity and brevity.

President Trump has proposed a sweeping set of tariffs. Does this mark the end of the post-war free trade world?

Trump's tariffs: Debate on if this means the end of the post-war free trade world

Car finance case could spark billions in driver payouts

2 hours ago Share Save Kevin Peachey Cost of living correspondent Share Save

BBC Marcus Johnson bought his first car on finance

A case to determine whether millions of motorists are in line for compensation will be heard by the UK's most senior judges this week. A Court of Appeal judgement last year sent shockwaves through the car finance sector, when it ruled that hidden commission payments to dealers were unlawful. Companies claim they did nothing wrong, and said they await much-needed clarity from the Supreme Court judges. Lenders, including major banks, have set aside huge sums of money as millions of people who bought new and used cars on finance could potentially make a claim for hundreds of pounds.

When Marcus Johnson bought a car, a dealer received £1,650 - a quarter of the amount the 34-year-old, from Cwmbran, Torfaen borrowed in total. Mr Johnson said that when he bought a blue Suzuki Swift in 2017 he simply didn't know that the commission was paid, although the lender said he signed a document. "I bought it as a little run-around, to get back and forth from work and to take my family out at the weekends," he said. "I had no idea that commission even existed as part of the industry."

Marcus Johnson Marcus Johnson's Suzuki Swift was bought on finance

His, along with two others, were test cases that led to a ruling at the Court of Appeal in which three judges unanimously agreed that it would be illegal for the lender to pay any commission to the dealer without the informed consent of the buyer. In other words, customers should be told clearly how much commission would be paid - and agree to it - without those details being buried in the terms and conditions of the loan.

'One unholy mess'

The car finance sector is the second biggest lender to consumers in the UK, with people only borrowing more in mortgages. The vast majority of new cars, and many second-hand ones, are bought with finance agreements. Motorists put down a deposit, borrow the rest as a loan, and drive off in their new vehicle. Dealers were signing up customers to these finance deals and, behind the scenes, were paid a commission by lenders.

Those payments were central to the Court of Appeal ruling. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), the City regulator, said dealers and motor finance providers have been receiving a deluge of complaints. It is urging people to make a claim, if they feel they were the victims of mis-selling. Under the FCA's plans, providers will have until December to consider and respond to complaints - but those cases will be hugely dependant on the judgement of the Supreme Court judges. The final ruling, following three days of evidence from Tuesday, is expected during the summer. In February, the Supreme Court rejected an unusual intervention from the government, which was worried huge amounts of redress payments could upset the car market and make it less competitive, as well as making the UK less attractive to investors. The car finance sector insists it complied with the law as it was understood, and as regulation required. Adrian Dally, from the Finance and Leasing Association, the trade body for the sector, said: "We hope that the Supreme Court settles the issue once and for all, confirms that the industry did nothing wrong historically, and clarifies what the rules are permanently for the future." Dame Meg Hillier, who chairs the influential Treasury Committee of MPs, described the situation as "one unholy mess" because dealers and lenders may not have been transparent to their customers.

Compensation

Even if the judges agree with the appeal from car finance providers, lenders are still facing a hefty compensation bill. That is because the FCA has already banned discretionary commission arrangements (DCAs), when the higher the interest rate on the loan, the higher the commission that was paid to dealers.

Consumer Voice co-founder Alex Neill

Millions of motorists could be in line for payouts depending on the decision of Supreme Court judges.

Car finance case could spark billions in driver payouts

The seven bills going up this week

56 minutes ago Share Save Share Save

Getty Images

A series of essential bills are rising at the start of what some commentators have described as "awful April". The exact amount you pay will depend on your individual circumstances, and where you live. Although minimum wages are also increasing, and wages on average have been outpacing inflation, household finances could still come under extra pressure. Here are seven ways in which you could be affected from 1 April.

1. Water bills

Water bills for households are going up in England and Wales by £10 more per month on average, but there's a lot of variation depending on the company. For example, the annual Southern Water bill will jump 47% to £703, while Anglian Water customers will pay 19% more, or £626. Factors including whether households have a meter and how much water used will also impact bills, which are being front-loaded for the next five years, meaning the big increase is coming this year. Water companies in England and Wales have said the increases are needed to invest in creaking infrastructure, including sewage, and to build more reservoirs. In Scotland, water bills are rising by almost 10%. Scottish Water, which is a public body, said spending was needed to cope with periods of "drought and intense rainfall" brought on by climate change. Domestic customers in Northern Ireland are not billed for water, with the system funded by the devolved government. How much will I have to pay for my water?

2. Energy bills

The annual energy bill for a household using a typical amount of gas and electricity is going up by £111 a year to £1,849 from April. Regulator Ofgem increased the energy price cap because of higher wholesale costs and inflation. The cap is set every three months and limits the amount suppliers can charge for each unit of gas and electricity, but not the total bill, so if you use more, you will pay more. It affects 22 million homes in England, Wales and Scotland. Standing charges - fixed fees to connect to a gas and electricity supply and vary by region - are rising again for gas but dropping for electricity, but it depends on where you live. Ofgem is suggesting households consider a fixed tariff for a bit of stability. Energy price cap: Why are gas and electricity bills going up and can I fix?

3. Council tax

4. Car tax

The standard rate of tax for cars registered after April 2017 is rising £5 to £195 a year. According to the RAC, you may pay less or more if your car was first used before 2017. The exact amount for your road tax will depend on the year your car was registered and the type of fuel it uses. One big change is that electric vehicles (EVs) will no longer be tax exempt. EVs registered from April 2025 will pay the lowest rate of £10 in the first year, then move to the standard rate. The standard rate will also apply to EVs first registered after April 2017.

5. Broadband, phone and TV licence

Rule changes introduced by the telecoms regulator this year mean that mobile and broadband providers must now tell customers "in pounds and pence" about any price rises, as well as when they occur. The new rules typically only apply to new customers, so any price rise will depend on when you took your contract out, but prices ususally increase around now. For instance, under the new rules, someone with a mobile Sim only contract with EE will see their bill go up by £1.50 a month, or £18 a year. But for the majority of EE customers who took their contract out before 10 April 2024, they will face an increase of 6.4%, which is based on the inflation rate last December together with an additional charge. Similarly, most Virgin Media broadband customers will face a 7.5% rise in bills, but for anyone who took out a contract after 9 January this year, their monthly bill will go up by £3.50. The cost of a TV licence is also going up by £5 to £174.50, and for a black and white TV is going up by £1.50 to £58.50.

6. Stamp duty

House buyers in England and Northern Ireland will start paying stamp duty on properties over £125,000, instead of over £250,000. First-time buyers currently had paid no stamp duty on homes up to £425,000, but this is dropping to £300,000. A host of homebuyers had been trying to beat the deadline or face paying more. What is stamp duty land tax and how is it changing?

7. Hidden tax rises

The government has kept in place the freeze on tax thresholds on income tax and National Insurance until 2028, a policy brought in by the previous government. This is often dubbed a stealth tax - as governments don't explicitly label it as a tax. But the policy amounts to a tax rise because of a process called "fiscal drag", which sees more people "dragged" into paying higher rates of tax as wages rises. The new tax year begins on 6 April. According to figures from the government's financial watchdog by 2028-29, nearly four million additional people will be expected to pay income tax - and three million more will have moved to the higher rate - due to the threshold being frozen. What are National Insurance and income tax and what do I pay?

A number of bill rises will come into force at the start of what some commentators have described as "awful April".

Water, cars and phones: The seven bills set to rise this week

Fixed-price deals are not affected by the energy price cap, which changes every three months and can go up or down.

They offer certainty for a set period - often a year, or longer - but if energy prices drop when you are on the deal, you could be stuck at a higher price. You may also have to pay a penalty to leave a fixed deal early.

Ofgem, the energy regulator, says customers who want the security of knowing what their bill will be should consider moving to a fixed deal before April. However, it says they should make sure they understand all the costs.

Martin Lewis, founder of Money Saving Expert, told the BBC that the level of fixed deals currently on offer means that switching is a "no-brainer".

He recommends checking whole-of-market energy price comparison sites to help find the best deal. Customers should also consider waiting a little while as some "good tariffs are being launched", Mr Lewis said.

However, analysts at consultancy Cornwall Insight who monitor the energy market have predicted that the cap could fall back again in July, to close to the current level.

Ofgem says around four million customers have moved to a fixed tariff since the last price cap announcement, in November 2024.

Gas and electricity bills will rise again on 1 April, when the latest energy price cap takes effect.

Energy price cap: Why are gas and electricity bills going up and can I fix?

X Man: The Elon Musk Origin Story

7. Body Snatchers

What the Cold War brainwashing panic tells us about Musk’s fear of a 'woke mind virus'.

Catch up on your favourite BBC radio show from your favourite DJ right here, whenever you like. Listen without limits with BBC Sounds.

X Man: The Elon Musk Origin Story - 6. Baby X - BBC Sounds

The Climate Question

Can I save money and save the planet?

We need to be 40% more energy efficient to hit climate goals. Can the world do it?

The Climate Question - Can I save money and save the planet? - BBC Sounds

Annual nursery costs for children under three in England have fallen, according to the children's charity Coram.

The government has expanded free childcare in England, and eligible parents of all under-fives will be entitled to 30 free hours a week from September.

However, some childcare providers say they may have to leave the scheme due to rising costs, leading to fears of a shortage of spaces.

Free childcare arrangements vary in other parts of the UK.

Childcare support for working parents varies across the UK, depending on the child's age.

How can working parents get 15 and 30 hours of free childcare?

Musk's xAI buys his social media platform X

Elon Musk attends a meeting with President Trump and members of his cabinet in the White House Cabinet Room in Washington, DC, USA, 24 March 2025.

"xAI and X's futures are intertwined," Musk wrote on X Friday. "Today, we officially take the step to combine the data, models, compute, distribution and talent."

In an X post Friday, Musk said the all-stock transaction values xAI at $80 billion and X at $33 billion.

Elon Musk says that his AI venture xAI has acquired his social media platform X, formerly known as Twitter.

The move may be aimed at protecting investors, who helped him buy purchase X, from losing money.

Both X and xAI are privately held and share some major investors. They also share significant resources.

"The combined company will deliver smarter, more meaningful experiences to billions of people while staying true to our core mission of seeking truth and advancing knowledge," Musk wrote.

XAI has used data from social media posts on X to train its models, and its chatbot Grok is a prominent feature on the platform.

"The move appears sensible, considering the current trend of increased investments in AI, data centres, and computing," said analyst Paolo Pescatore, founder of PP Foresight.

Mr Musk has been locked in a legal battle with OpenAI, the company he-founded in 2015 with CEO Sam Altman.

Last year, Mr Musk sued OpenAI and Mr. Altman for straying from the company's original mission and pushing to transition the startup to a for-profit model.

On Friday, the Wall Street Journal reported that OpenAI was finalizing a $40 billion funding round with the Japanese conglomerate SoftBank. The outlet also reported the funds are contingent on the company completing its restructuring to a for-profit entity.

OpenAI did not respond to a BBC inquiry about the arrangement.

Critics say Mr Musk is suing the ChatGPT makers because he wanted to control it.

Earlier this year, a consortium led by Mr Musk made an unsolicited $97.4 billion takeover bid for OpenAI, which Mr Altman rejected, saying the company is not for sale.

The business manoeuvring is happening as Mr Musk has taken more of an interest in politics, now serving as President Donald Trump's right-hand.

He has spearheaded the administration's push to slash federal spending and is spending the weekend in Wisconsin where he has contributed millions to a state Supreme Court race.

Wisconsin's attorney general asked a court Friday to block Mr Musk from distributing $1 million checks to voters there ahead of the election.

The move could be aimed at protecting investors, who helped him buy purchase X, from losing money.

Musk's xAI buys his social media platform X

Rachel Reeves is feeling the heat ahead of her Spring Statement

7 days ago Share Save Laura Kuenssberg • @bbclaurak Presenter, Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg Share Save

BBC

In a discussion ahead of next week's statement, the chancellor hints at a more guarded approach amid global uncertainty - and issues a warning. A thick skin is a must for our top politicians. There's rolling news, nonstop social media and public scepticism. Add in the battle with the country's deep and persistent problems. And these days the problems include constant and very real global turmoil. The questions for the politicians are profound and that's something the Chancellor Rachel Reeves gets. "I recognise that with the privilege of doing a job like the one I'm doing today also comes a great deal of scrutiny. I absolutely believe that every policy that I announce, every pound of public money, of taxpayers money that I spend, and every pound that I take from people in terms of taxes is properly scrutinised. That's part of the job," she tells me. But next comes an admission, from this professionally tough politician, described to me by one of her colleagues once as 'hard as nails', that when things get personal, she doesn't like it.

Getty Images The signalling for the Spring Statement is that there will be no more increases in government spending

"One of the things I think that I find hard, even with the thicker skin I guess I must have developed over these last 14 or so years, is some of the personal criticism because that's not the sort of politics that I do," she tells me. As admissions go it's modest and general in nature. But read in the context of someone who is taking decisions with big consequences for many, many people's lives while at the same time being someone who has faced awkward questions about her own job history and CV, this may be Reeves' way of telling us that she's feeling the heat.

Real anxiety in the Labour party

Perhaps the admission came because this was an unusual conversation. We were not under the studio lights but instead in the Treasury itself for the making of a BBC documentary, The Making of a Chancellor, trying to understand the thinking behind the big decisions Reeves takes. Our conversation came a couple of hours after the Labour government had revealed billions of pounds of welfare cuts, most notably stricter tests for personal independence payments (Pips). The aim is to save £5bn by 2030.

But there is real anxiety in her party about what she and Sir Keir Starmer are doing. And when I ask the chancellor about these cuts, she prefers to speak about Labour's broader vision for the economy, instead giving a warning - that this Labour government won't be able to do what its members and backers might have expected and hand out handsome increases to government departments like its predecessor. "There's growth, real growth every year actually, in public spending, but not at the levels that we were able to deliver under the last Labour government when the economy was growing much more strongly," she tells me. "We've got to ramp it up and continue to ensure that we're doing everything we can to lift living standards and in the end that is through growing the economy. We can't tax and spend our way to higher living standards and better public services. That's not available in the world we live in today."

Getty Images Reeves warns that this Labour government won't be able to do what its members might have expected

The signalling for the Spring Statement is that there will be no more tax rises and no more increases in government spending, instead a scalpel is set to be taken to some departments. This is the opposite of what she did in the autumn and the opposite of what you'd assume Labour chancellors do. This more guarded approach is in part a response to the uncertainty created by the Trump administration - nobody knows quite what is around the corner.

How long are people willing to wait?

But she has been taking inspiration from across the Atlantic for many years. One of Reeves' first jobs was working as an economist at the British Embassy in Washington from 2002 to 2003. That era defined her early thinking and she's still gazing to America for inspiration – Reeves' first call as chancellor was to Janet Yellen, then her counterpart in DC as treasury secretary in president Joe Biden's administration. I ask Yellen for her advice to Reeves now, nearly a year on. She says to keep doing the difficult things: "I think she [Reeves] should, you know, stick with the course that she set out and move things, move things forward with, you know, as much speed and commitment as she possibly can."

Getty Images Rachel Reeves' first call as chancellor was to Janet Yellen

But there is tension in Reeves' approach. Labour is increasing tax, but squeezing some spending. Ministers are rolling back some rules and regulations, but giving workers more rights at work. In effect they are putting the brakes and the accelerator on at the same time. She is aware there is no one thing she can do to suddenly create prosperity. And so how long can people be expected to wait for the change they've been promised? Communication is key according to Yellen: "Before you get improvements that are noticeable to voters in infrastructure and job creation, it does take time and so you don't get the immediate payoff. "And so communication, I think, is very important to make the population understand that this is an approach that requires some patience to see the payoff. But truly, it's the only way, over the medium term, to boost living standards in major economies."

Reeves: 'The world has changed'

Reeves is asking voters to believe that some of the tough choices she is making can be explained, at least in part, by the fact that the world around her has changed in a way she hadn't anticipated when her party was beginning to prepare its new offer to the public in the aftermath of Labour's 2019 election defeat. First, a massive £28bn borrowing that had been earmarked to spend on green projects was binned, a necessary response to the economic turmoil under Liz Truss according to Labour - not a view shared by opponents who never thought Labour's policy credible. Whereas once she said she would be the first green chancellor, now Reeves is signing off airport expansion at Heathrow, proposing to get rid of regulations, and ousting the regulator at the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA).

Getty Images Uncertainty over Donald Trump's willingness to support Ukraine has seen the UK commit more money to defence

Labour argues the country's economic books were worse than expected when they took power. And much more recently, uncertainty over Donald Trump's willingness to support Ukraine and Nato more widely has seen the UK commit more money to defence. "The world has changed, [we] can see it before our eyes, in a whole number of respects," Reeves tells me. "[We are seeing] greater instability and insecurity in the world, Europe having to take on a bigger role in our continent for our own defence."

What kind of Labour politician Reeves is

But to some, Reeves' willingness to change course raises the question as to what kind of Labour politician she is. The cuts to welfare are at the heart of this. At Prime Minister's Questions, Sir Keir declared that welfare reform was a "moral issue", while the veteran left-wing MP Diane Abbott argued there was "nothing moral about cutting the benefits of millions of people". Reeves sat out much of Labour's doomed period with Jeremy Corbyn as leader. She was always serious, watchful, with an eye on her party's and her own future. When she became shadow chancellor she put enormous efforts into schmoozing the city, even if she did once confess she'd instruct her team to sweep up any left over pastries at the end of their business breakfasts.

Getty Images Reeves: 'One of the things I think that I find hard, even with the thicker skin I guess I must have developed... is some of the personal criticism'

Reeves sees herself as a pragmatic politician, not an ideologue, whether that means increasing taxes in her first budget to fund public services or conversely cutting benefits in this week's statement. Deborah Mattinson was Sir Keir's director of strategy up until the election. She argues Reeves is canny and it is her values that make her Labour. "She is very, very savvy. She's good at looking around corners. "It's a cliche to say she's a chess player, but actually it is true that she's not somebody who deals with the problem that's right in front of her and leaves it there. She's somebody who is able to look several moves ahead and always has that slightly longer-term focus."

Labour and the economy: a trust problem

Reeves would tell you her politics were made at home, her values that of the south London girl who worked hard and made it to the Bank of England, her economics crafted by study and experience but also the requirements of getting elected – remember she chose politics not economics after all. That, according to Deborah Mattison is key. The decisions Reeves takes are based squarely on ensuring Labour is viewed as economically credible. The argument is that if it isn't seen as sufficiently credible it won't be in power and then nothing else really matters. "You can't win an election if you're not trusted to run the economy. And Labour has a historical problem that goes back a very, very long way," she tells me. "After [the election defeat] in 2010, that all dissipated… [and] the Corbyn years, really, really were problematic. So that's the situation that she inherited and we were no further forward by the time she was appointed shadow chancellor. "By the time we went into the election, she had a double-digit lead over her Tory opposite number. That is one hell of an achievement."

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Like her predecessors in New Labour, Reeves takes the view that the public is less interested in Labour's economic ideology and more interested in delivering economic prosperity. (Her opponents on the left of the party would argue a clear ideological stance and economic success are not mutually exclusive). However there is one clear division between Reeves and Gordon Brown, chancellor between 1997-2007. Whereas Brown made little secret of his craving to be prime minister, Reeves says she doesn't have the same goal.

Getty Images Gordon Brown was chancellor between 1997 and 2007

"I honestly have no desire whatsoever to do that job. That's not always the answer you might get from chancellor of the exchequer, but in my case, it's absolutely true. The job I've always wanted is this one. "And I'm very, very lucky because there aren't many people in politics or in other walks of life that manage to do the job that they've always dreamed of perhaps. And for me, I'm doing that today in this job." But make no mistake, next week's Spring Statement is the stuff of nightmares for a Labour chancellor. Her party will hate the cuts to welfare. And at the same time, borrowing and unemployment are ticking up and there is no sign of the economy budging, even though getting it to grow is Labour's number one mission. Rachel Reeves is the architect and face of her government's economic plans. If she is indeed feeling the heat, perhaps it's little surprise. The Making of a Chancellor is on BBC Sounds from Saturday 00:01and on BBC Radio 4 on Monday at 16:00 and Tuesday at 09:30 Additional reporting: Jake Morris. Top picture credit: Getty Images

The Chancellor hints at a more guarded approach amid global uncertainty - and issues a warning ahead of her announcements.